中国史前考古学中的权力概念简析

Brief Analysis on the Concept of Power in Chinese Prehistoric Archaeology

权力是中国史前考古学讨论最多的主题之一。在社会科学中,由韦伯处衍生的权力定义最常为人们接受。中国考古学所使用的权力、尤其是公共权力概念,则主要采纳了马克思主义的观点。作为早期国家和早期文明的主要特质之一,讨论公共权力的存在性是史前考古学的重要研究主题。公共权力又被细分为王权、军权和神权等既有区别,但也有重合的不同形式,与沿用自迈克尔·曼的四种权力来源——意识形态、经济、军事和政治——模式一起,成为当前史前考古学主要的权力分类和研究方法。

Power is one of the most discussed topics in Chinese prehistoric archaeology.In the social sciences,definition of power derived from Weber is the most widely accepted.The concept of public power used in Chinese archaeology mainly adopts Marxist views.The existence of public power,as one of the main characteristics of early states and early civilizations,is an important research topic in prehistoric archaeology.Public power is further divided into categories such as royal power,military power,and religious power,with both overlapping and different forms.This has become one of the main methods for classifying and studying power in current prehistoric archaeology,as well as the four power sources used by Michael Mann--ideology,economy,military,and politics.