多源地理时空数据辅助房屋建筑承灾体调查研究

Research on building hazard-bearing body survey by multi-source geographic spatiotemporal data

自然灾害往往造成巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失,防灾减灾意义重大。房屋建筑是灾害发生时最主要的承灾体和二次灾害来源,准确的房屋信息对实现科学防灾减灾至关重要。传统房屋调查采取实地抽样方法,投入巨大而效率低下,数据质量有限。因此,迫切需要研究更高效的调查方法以获取更高质量的房屋建筑承灾体数据。首先,本文深入分析房屋调查需求,理清调查属性与地理时空数据的关联关系;然后,依托城市大比例尺地形图和无人机正射影像精确提取房屋空间信息,并利用地理时空数据半自动化提取属性信息;最后,通过内业数据检查和实地补充调查结合的方式得到完整可靠的房屋建筑承灾体数据成果。经实际项目验证,本文提出的方法能够有效确保数据精度并降低调查成本,对大规模房屋建筑承灾体调查工作开展具有借鉴意义。

Natural disasters always cause huge casualties and economic losses,so disaster prevention and reduction is of great significance.Building is the main hazard-bearing body and secondary disaster source when disasters occur.Accurate building information is very important to realize scientific disaster prevention and reduction.The traditional building survey adopts the field sampling method,which has huge investment,low efficiency and limited data quality.Therefore,there is an urgent need to study more efficient investigation methods to obtain higher quality hazard-bearing body data of building.Firstly,this paper deeply analyzes the demand of building survey,and clarifies the relationship between the attributes to be investigated and the geographic spatiotemporal data;Then,the building spatial information is accurately extracted based on the large-scale topographic map and UAV ortho images,and the attribute information is extracted semi automatically by using geographic spatiotemporal data;Finally,complete and reliable data of building bearing body is obtained through the combination of office data inspection and field supplementary investigation.Verified by the actual project,the method proposed in this paper can effectively ensure the data accuracy and reduce the investigation cost,and has reference significance for the investigation of large-scale building disaster bearing body.