尘肺病诊断相关影像技术研究进展

Research advances in imaging techniques related to the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis

职业性尘肺病(简称尘肺病)是我国危害最严重的职业病病种,根据我国现行标准GBZ 70-2015《职业性尘肺病的诊断》,尘肺病主要依据高千伏或数字化X线摄影(DR)后前位胸片表现进行诊断、分期。尘肺病胸部X线摄影技术是尘肺病诊断中研究最多、应用最成熟的影像检查技术。但该技术在一些早期尘肺病检查及职业健康体检的筛查中存在一定的局限性,有一定漏诊、误诊的风险。随着影像检查技术的不断发展,计算机断层扫描(CT)、核磁共振成像(MRI)、正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)及人工智能(AI)技术作为辅助影像检查手段在尘肺病辅助诊断研究中表现出不同的应用诊断价值。本文综述了几类影像检查技术的优点及应用中存在的问题,为未来尘肺病诊断相关影像技术的研究提供了方向。

Occupational pneumoconiosis(hereinafter referred to as pneumoconiosis)is the most harmful occupational disease in China.According to the current standard GBZ 70-2015 Diagnosis of Occupational Pneumoconiosis,pneumoconiosis is mainly diagnosed and staged by high kilovolt or digital radiography.Chest radiography in pneumoconiosis is the most widely studied and mature imaging technique in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.However,this technique has some limitations in the screening of some early pneumoconiosis and occupational health examination,and there is a certain risk of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.With the continuous development of imaging examination technology,computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,positron emission tomography-computed tomography and artificial intelligence technology as auxiliary imaging examination methods have shown different diagnostic values in the research of auxiliary diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.This paper summarizes the advantages and problems in the application of various kinds of imaging techniques,which provides a direction for the future research of imaging techniques related to the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.