我国农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策文本量化分析

Quantitative analysis on the policy text for free training of rural order-oriented medical students of China

目的分析我国农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策的政策工具和政策靶点,为进一步完善定向医学生免费培养政策提供参考。方法从国务院、国家卫生健康委员会和教育部等官方网站以及北大法宝数据库检索国家层面发布的定向医学生免费培养相关政策文件(发布时间为2010年6月至2023年5月),构建政策工具-政策靶点分析框架,量化分析政策文件。结果共纳入16份政策文件,提取政策条文213条。从政策工具来看,使用命令型政策工具的政策条文占比最高,为63.38%(135条),其次为劝告型(18.78%,40条)和报酬型政策工具(13.61%,29条),而职能拓展型(2.82%,6条)和权威重组型政策工具(1.41%,3条)占比较低。从政策靶点来看,院校教育阶段是主要政策靶点,条文占比为76.06%(162条),其次为继续教育阶段和毕业后教育阶段,分别占17.84%(38条)和7.51%(16条),同一政策靶点内的各类政策工具及其子工具分布不均衡。结论我国农村订单定向医学生免费培养政策的政策工具类型分布有待进一步均衡,政策靶点主要集中在院校教育阶段。

Objective To analysis the policy tools and targets of the policies of free training for order-oriented medical students in rural areas of China,for reference for further improving the free medical student training policy.Methods The research team searched the official websites of the State Council,National Health Commission,Ministry of Education,and other ministries,as well as the Peking University Treasure Database,for national level policy documents related to free training of order-oriented medical students released from June 2010 to May 2023.Policy tool-policy target analysis framework was used to quantitative analysis the policy documents.Results A total of 16 policy documents were included and 213 policy provisions were extracted.From the perspective of policy tools,the proportion of policy provisions using imperative policy tools was the highest,accounting for 63.38%(135 articles),followed by advisory policy tools(18.78%,40 articles)and reward based policy tools(13.61%,29 articles),while functional expansion tools(2.82%,6 articles)and authoritative restructuring tools(1.41%,3 articles)accounted for a relatively low proportion.The institutional education stage is the main policy target,with provisions accounting for 76.06%(162 articles),followed by the continuing education stage and the post graduation education stage,accounting for 17.84%(38 articles)and 7.51%(16 articles),respectively.It was uneven distribution of various policy tools and their sub tools within the same policy target.Conclusions The distribution of policy tools for the free training policy of rural order oriented medical students in China needed to be further balanced.The policy targets were mainly concentrated in the education stage of universities.