生态修复后南通市老坝港围垦区大型底栖动物群落结构的变化及其影响因素

Changes of Macrobenthic Community Structure after Ecological Restoration in Laoba Port Reclamation Area of Nantong City and Its Influencing Factors

[目的]评估老坝港围垦区的生态修复效果。[方法]在江苏省南通市老坝港滨海湿地围垦区开展了微地形改造和翅碱蓬种植等生态修复工程,并于修复前后开展了大型底栖动物、水体理化指标及沉积物常见重金属含量的监测。[结果]修复前该区域5个断面鉴定到6种底栖动物,修复后鉴定到16种底栖动物。修复前耐污性较强的中间拟滨螺、双齿围沙蚕为主要优势种,修复后沈氏厚蟹的优势度明显上升。与修复前对比,该区域底栖动物栖息密度及生物量显著下降,但生物多样性指数显著增高。Pearson相关性分析和RDA分析显示,水体溶解氧和沉积物中Cu、As、Pb含量是影响老坝港围垦区大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子。[结论]生态修复工程对围垦区大型底栖动物的群落恢复有明显效果,这为今后开展滨海湿地生态修复研究与实践提供了依据。

[Objective]To evaluate the ecological restoration effect of the reclaimed area of Laoba Port.[Method]Ecological restoration projects such as micro-topography reconstruction and Suaeda heteroptera planting were carried out in the coastal wetland reclamation area of Laoba Port in Nantong City of Jiangsu Province,and the monitoring of macrobenthos,physical and chemical indicators of water body and common heavy metal contents in sediments was carried out before and after restoration.[Result]6 species of benthic animals were identified in 5 sections before restoration,and 16 species of benthic animals were identified after restoration.The main dominant species before restoration were Pseudostellaria intermedia and Perinereis aibuhitensis with strong stain resistance,and the dominance of Helice tridens sheni increased significantly after restoration.Compared with before restoration,the habitat density and biomass of benthic animals in this area decreased,but the biodiversity index increased significantly.Pearson correlation analysis and RDA analysis showed that dissolved oxygen in water and Cu,As and Pb in sediments were the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of macrobenthos in Laoba Port reclamation area.[Conclusion]The ecological restoration project has obvious effect on the restoration of macrobenthic community in reclamation area,which provides a basis for future research and practice of coastal wetland ecological restoration.