叶面喷硒对不同籼·粳水稻品种稻米品质及硒含量的影响

Effects of Foliar Spraying Selenium on Rice Quality and Selenium Content of Different Indica and Japonica Rice Varieties

[目的]研究叶面喷施硒肥对籼、粳水稻品种在秸秆还田与穗肥处理下籽粒产量和稻米品质的影响。[方法]对扬稻6号和南粳9108抽穗期水稻叶面喷施0.2%亚硒酸钠溶液,研究叶面喷硒对不同灿、粳水稻品种稻米品质及硒含量的影响。[结果]与不施硒处理相比,叶面喷硒处理扬稻6号和南粳9108水稻平均产量分别增加1.465%、3.54%,南粳9108增幅略大,秸秆不还田下的响应略大于秸秆还田;扬稻6号和南粳9108各处理平均整精米率分别提高1.62%、0.70%,扬稻6号的增幅略大于南粳9108;可小幅降低扬稻6号和南粳9018的垩白粒率和垩白度,对垩白粒率的降低效果稍大,对长宽比的影响更小;可小幅提高扬稻6号和南粳9018的直链淀粉含量、糊化温度和蛋白质含量,其中,扬稻6号糊化温度的增幅略大,南粳9108直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量的增幅略大;扬稻6号和南粳9108稻米的崩解值分别提高2.61%、3.52%,消减值分别下降1.82%、0.82%;可极显著提高扬稻6号和南粳9018茎鞘、叶片、稻穗及精米中的硒含量,南粳9108精米硒含量增幅略大。硒处理后,2个品种精米硒含量均达到了安全的富硒米标准。[结论]叶面喷施硒肥可有效提高水稻精米中的硒含量,适度改善稻米的加工品质、外观品质和稻米淀粉黏滞性主要特征值。

[Objective]The effect of foliar spraying selenium fertilizer on grain yield and rice quality of different indica and japonica rice varieties under straw returning and panicle fertilizer treatment was studied.[Method]At heading stage,0.2%sodium selenite solution was sprayed on the leaves of rice treated with straw returning and spike fertilizer,and effect of foliar spraying selenium on rice quality and selenium content of different rice varieties were studied.[Result]Compared with the treatment without selenium,foliar selenium spraying treatment increased the average yield of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9108 by 1.465%and 3.54%respectively,and Nanjing 9108 increased slightly,and the response of straw returning to the field was slightly greater than that of straw returning to the field;the average milled rice rate of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9108 was increased by 1.62%and 0.70%respectively,and the increase rate of Yangdao 6 was slightly higher than that of Nanjing 9108;it can slightly reduce the chalky grain rate of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9018,but has no significant effect on the aspect ratio and chalkiness.It can slightly increase the amylose content and gelatinization temperature of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9018,among which Yangdao 6 increased slightly after spraying selenium,while Nanjing 9108 increased slightly in gelatinization temperature and protein content after spraying selenium.The disintegration value of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9108 rice increased by 2.61%and 3.52%respectively,and the reduction value decreased by 1.82%and 0.82%respectively;the selenium content in the stem sheath,leaves,ears and polished rice of Yangdao 6 and Nanjing 9018 was significantly increased,and the selenium content of Nanjing 9108 polished rice increased slightly.After selenium treatment,the selenium content of polished rice of the two varieties reached the safe standard of selenium-enriched rice.[Conclusion]Foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer can effectively increase the selenium content in polished rice,and moderately improve the processing quality,appearance quality and main characteristic values of rice starch viscosity.