不同干燥方式对丹参挥发性成分的影响

Effect of Different Drying Methods on Volatile Components in Salvia miltiorrhiza

[目的]比较不同干燥方式对丹参挥发性成分的影响。[方法]采用常温晾干、晒干、热风干燥(40、60、80℃)和真空冷冻干燥的方式处理丹参,通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(GC-IMS)分析挥发性成分的变化。[结果]在干燥后的丹参中鉴别出了30种挥发性成分,其中有9种醇类化合物、7种醛类化合物、4种酮类化合物,高温热风干燥(60、80℃)的丹参中部分挥发性成分的含量较低,80℃热风干燥丹参中醇类化合物和酮类化合物的种类比40℃烘干时减少。采用主成分分析真空冷冻干燥的丹参与其他方法干燥的丹参可以实现较好的分类,40℃热风干燥、晒干与晾干的丹参样品中成分相近。[结论]建立了一种丹参挥发性成分的GC-IMS检测分析方法,具有高效无损、样品处理简单的特点,可实现不同干燥方式丹参的判别区分,40℃热风干燥可以有效保留丹参样品中的挥发性成分,实现与晒干和晾干相似的风味。

[Objective]To compare the effects of different drying methods on volatile components of S.miltiorrhiza.[Method]S.miltiorrhiza was dried by different methods including air drying,sun drying,hot air drying(40,60,80℃)and vacuum freez drying.Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(GC-IMS)was used to compare the changes of volatile components in the samples after different treatments.[Result]A total of 30 volatiles were identified from dried S.miltiorrhiza.The number of alcohols,aldehydes and ketones compounds were 9,7 and 4.There were fewest volatile compounds in hot air(60,80℃)dried samples.The number of alcohols and ketones compounds in 80℃hot air dried samples were less than 40℃hot air dried samples.Compared with other drying methods,vacuum freeze drying affected significantly on the volatile components,which could be differentiated by principal component analysis(PCA).And the volatile components of sun drying,air drying and 40℃hot air drying were similar.[Conclusion]GC-IMS analysis method for volatile components of S.miltiorrhiza was established,which was fast and lossless,the sample processing was simple.This method could be used for the distinction of S.miltiorrhiza dried by diffierent methods.And the volatile components of S.miltiorrhiza dried by 40℃hot air could be effectively retained.The flavor characteristics were similar with sun drying and air drying.