酚酸浸渍处理对焙烤花生中晚期糖基化终末产物和杂环胺形成的影响

Effects of Phenolic Acid Impregnation on the Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Roasted Peanuts

为抑制焙烤花生中晚期糖基化终末产物(advanced glycation end products,AGEs)和杂环胺(heterocyclic aromatic amines,HAAs)的形成,采用6种常见的酚酸化合物(咖啡酸、阿魏酸、4-香豆酸、香草酸、没食子酸和绿原酸)分别对花生预先浸渍处理,然后再焙烤处理研究酚酸种类和浸渍液浓度对花生焙烤过程中AGEs和HAAs形成的影响规律。结果表明:没食子酸和绿原酸对焙烤花生中羧甲基赖氨酸(N^(ε)-(carboxymethyl)lysine,CML)、羧乙基赖氨酸(N^(ε)-(carboxyethyl)lysine,CEL)表现出明显抑制作用,抑制率分别为14.7%~24.4%、13.0%~22.7%;而其他4种酚酸无显著抑制作用(P>0.05)。增加没食子酸和绿原酸浸渍液浓度,其对焙烤花生中CML和CEL抑制作用增强,呈现明显浓度依赖关系。烘焙花生中共检出2-氨基-1,6-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,DMIP)、1-甲基-9H-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚(1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole,Harman)、9H-吡啶[3,4-b]吲哚(9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole,Norharman)3种HAAs。6种酚酸对焙烤花生中DMIP均有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05);咖啡酸、阿魏酸、绿原酸和没食子酸对Harman和Norharman具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),而其他2种酚酸无明显抑制作用(P>0.05)。其中,阿魏酸和绿原酸对3种HAAs抑制作用较强,但二者对HAAs的抑制作用无明显浓度依赖关系。

In order to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products(AGEs)and heterocyclic aromatic amines(HAAs)in roasted peanuts,six phenolic acids(caffeic acid,ferulic acid,4-coumaric acid,vanillic acid,gallic acid and chlorogenic acid)were employed to impregnate raw peanuts before roasting,and the effects of the type and concentration of impregnation solutions on AGEs and HAAs formation during peanut roasting were studied in this work.The results showed that gallic acid and chlorogenic acid could significantly inhibit the formation of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine(CML)and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine(CEL)with an inhibition rate in the range of 14.7%–24.4%and 13.0%–22.7%,respectively.However,the other four phenolic acids had no inhibitory effect(P>0.05).What’s more,the inhibitory effects of gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were concentration dependent.Three HAAs including 2-amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(DMIP),1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole(Harman)and 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole(Norharman)were detected in roasted peanuts.All six phenolic acids could inhibit the formation of DMIP significantly(P<0.05).Caffeic acid,ferulic acid,chlorogenic acid and gallic acid could inhibit the formation of Harman and Norharman significantly(P<0.05),while the other two phenolic acids showed no inhibitory effect(P>0.05).Ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid had a strong inhibition effect on the formation of 3 HAAs,but there was no obvious concentration dependence.