农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响研究

RESEARCH ON THE IMPACT OF RURAL LABOR MOBILITY ON THE COMMON PROSPERITY OF FARMERS

[目的]促进共同富裕的重点和难点仍然在农村,文章旨在探讨农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响机制与效应。[方法]基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,首先从经济水平、精神富裕和生活质量等5个维度对农户共同富裕水平进行了测度,然后检验了农村劳动力流动对农户共同富裕的影响效应,并进一步讨论了劳动力流动范围和就业稳定性对农户共同富裕的影响。[结果](1)农村劳动力的流动显著促进了农户共同富裕,在通过采用有序响应模型Ologit和倾向值匹配(PSM)方法检验后,研究结论依然稳健。(2)从农村劳动力流动的范围来看,县域内的流动对农户共同富裕的促进效应最大,而跨省流动的促进效应最小。(3)从农村劳动力就业的稳定性来看,稳定就业对农户共同富裕的促进效应大于非稳定就业。[结论]要加快推进县域城镇化发展,完善农民工市民化的政策,提升农村劳动力就业的稳定性,确保其在教育、医疗和社保等方面的同等待遇,真正实现农村转移人口的城市社会融合,从而促进共同富裕。

The focus and difficulty of promoting common prosperity are still in rural areas.This paper aims to explore the mechanism and effect of rural labor mobility on the common prosperity of farmers.Based on the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper firstly measured the common prosperity of farmers from five dimensions,including economic level,spiritual wealth and quality of life,and then examined the impact of rural labor mobility on the common prosperity of farmers,and further discussed the impact of the scope of labor mobility and employment stability on the common prosperity of farmers.The results showed that:(1)The mobility of rural labor had significantly promoted the common prosperity of farmers.After using the ordered response model Ologit and the propensity score matching(PSM)method to test,the research conclusion was still robust.(2)From the perspective of the scope of rural labor mobility,intra-county mobility had the greatest effect on promoting the common prosperity of farmers,while inter-provincial mobility had the smallest effect.(3)From the perspective of the stability of rural labor employment,the effect of stable employment on the common prosperity of farmers was greater than that of unstable employment.Therefore,it is necessary to accelerate the development of county-level urbanization,improve the policies for the citizenization of migrant workers,improve the stability of rural labor employment,ensure equal treatment in education,medical care and social security,and truly realize the urban social integration of rural migrants,so as to promote common prosperity.