生活圈视角下适老化社区的营造研究

CONSTRUCTION OF AGING COMMUNITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE CIRCLE

我国人口老龄化不断加剧和老年人居家养老的固有观念,使得适老化社区营造成为近年来城乡规划领域的重要课题。考虑到老年人步行为主的出行方式和空间需求特征,从生活圈视角提出适老化社区营造模式能够完善适老化社区规划模式与管理机制,推动我国适老化社区高质量建设。文中采用文献分析、马洛斯层次分析、实证研究等方法,梳理适老化社区营造的国际经验,从生活圈视角结合剖析我国老年人需求特征,融合公众参与建立适老化社区的运营模式和精细化营造策略,并在哈尔滨市繁荣街社区和复华社区进行实证研究。研究分别从5、10min和15min三个层次生活圈提出分级营造模式,并从空间布局与功能分布、公共空间、设施配置三方面组织精细化设计策略,并在适老化社区的改造与运营阶段,提出政府、企业、专家、居民、社区的多元参与模式。

The increasing aging of China's population and the inherent concept of the elderly ageing at home have made the creation of ageing-friendly communities an important topic in the field of urban and rural planning in re⁃cent years.Considering the walking-based travel mode and spatial demand characteristics of the elderly,a suitable aging community construction model is proposed from the perspective of the life circle for improving the planning mode and management mechanism of suitable aging communities and promoting the high-quality construction of suitable aging communities in China.The paper adopts literature analysis,Marlowe Analytic Hierarchy Process,and empirical research to sort out international experience in building aging friendly communities.It analyzes the charac⁃teristics of the needs of the elderly in China from the perspective of the life circle,integrates public participation to establish an operational model and refined construction strategy for aging friendly communities by conducting empir⁃ical research in the prosperous street community and Fuhua community in Harbin.This study proposes a graded con⁃struction model from three levels of five minutes,ten minutes,and fifteen minutes.Refined design strategies are orga⁃nized from three aspects of spatial layout and functional distribution,public space,and facility configuration.In the transformation and operation stage of aging communities,a diversified participation model of government,enterpris⁃es,experts,residents,and communities is proposed.