《伤寒论》三阴三阳与《黄帝内经》气化理论

Doctrine of three yin and three yang in Shanghan Lun and qi transformation theory in Huangdi Neijing

《黄帝内经》对中华文明的贡献,主要表现在天人合一、道法自然的思想以及对周期性气化规律、生命规律的认识。三阴三阳表明的是气有多少,与人体的气化功能相联系;五行之治表明的是形有盛衰、太过不及,与人体的形质脏腑相联系。天地五行之气分别入通五藏,各以气命其藏,其作用定位在脏腑,故名“脏腑辨证”;天地三阴三阳六气分别入通六经,各以气命其经,其作用定位在六经,故名“六经辨证”。《黄帝内经》中主要有两大经络系统:天人(六经向上)循行系统,是天人感应气立循环系统,延伸包涵了十一经、十二经上行经络系统;人身(十二经贯注)循行系统,是人身气血阴阳内循环神机系统。天地与人身三阴三阳,具有气候病候的相关性、规律性。人天同虚,同气相感。如早期干预、提前纠偏补虚,可有效防止杂症重症。天地三阴三阳作用六经发病,此即《伤寒论》的外感证、表证;人身非直接外感而自身三阴三阳亦可为病,此即《伤寒论》的里证、杂证。六经辨证的实质是辨六气病机。针药的作用:一是调节人天关系,降低人对外部的敏感性、易感性;二是调节人体气血阴阳与形神能量。三阴三阳辨证贯穿着八纲而联系于经络脏腑,六经钤百病。《黄帝内经》气化理论是三阴三阳辨证的学术根基与发展源泉,深化对天地、生命气化的认识,就能通辨症外之症、证外之证,立处法外之法、方外之方。

The great contributions of Huangdi Neijing to Chinese civilization are mainly the ideas of the unity of nature and man,the wisdom of Tao following nature,and the understanding of the regular pattern of periodic qi transformation as well as the laws of life.Three yin and three yang indicates the amount of qi and is associated with qi transformation in human body;while the governance of the five elements suggests the exuberance and decline,or excess and deficiency of the form,thus related to the shape and the zang-fu of the body.The qi of the five elements of heaven and earth respectively enters the five-zang,and each zang is named after its qi.Since qi functions on the zang,it is called'syndrome differentiation by zang-fu'.Similarly,the six qi of three yin and three yang of heaven and earth respectively enters the six meridians,and each meridian is named after its qi.The qi acts on the six meridians,so it is called'syndrome differentiation by six meridians'.There are two main meridian systems according to Huangdi Neijing,namely the circulatory system of heaven and man(six upward meridians)and the body circulatory system.The former is the circulation of qi transformed between heaven and man,including the upward going meridians of the eleven meridians system and the twelve meridians system;while the latter fulfilled by the twelve meridians is the internal circulation of qi,blood,yin and yang in the body.Three yin and three yang of human body is corelated with and regulated by that of heaven and earth in the respect of the manifestations of qi and diseases.If the qi of both man and nature are deficient,they will interact with each other to induce diseases.Accordingly,early intervention and correction of these deficiencies in advance would effectively prevent serious illness.Furthermore,three yin and three yang of heaven and earth acting on the six meridians to cause disease is regarded as the external syndrome in Shanghan Lun.The disorder of three yin and three yang in the body also causes disease without direct external attack,and this belongs to the internal syndrome and miscellaneous diseases recorded in Shanghan Lun.