全球最低税与国际税收竞争:有效税率和政策选择

Global Minimum Taxation and International Tax Competition:Effective Tax Rates and Policy Choices

为扭转全球范围内公司所得税税率“逐底竞争”的趋势,全球最低税通过征收补足税使跨国企业集团成员实体的有效税率达到最低税率水平,为国际税收竞争划定底线。本文从分析全球最低税实施前后跨国企业集团成员实体有效税率变化着手,剖析有效税率的决定因素及其影响机制。文章认为,全球最低税时代,税收竞争还会继续,税收优惠仍然是吸引跨国投资的重要手段。在引入全球最低税后,我国需要优化相关税收政策,以保持税制竞争力。

In order to reverse the global trend of"race to the bottom"in corporate income tax rates,the global minimum tax establishes a"foor"for international tax competition by imposing a top-up tax to bring the effective tax rate of multinational enterprise groups to the level of the minimum tax rate.This paper analyzes the determinants of effective tax rate and its influence mechanism by analyzing the changes in the effective tax rate of multinational enterprise groups before and after the implementation of the global minimum tax.This paper argues that tax competition will continue in the era of global minimum tax,and tax incentives are still an important means to attract cross-border investments.When introducing the global minimum tax,China needs to optimize relevant tax policies to maintain the competitiveness of the tax system.