新《档案法》背景下档案权利的全域审视与全程保障

The Territorial Review and Full Protection of Archival Rights in the Context of the New Archives Law

新《档案法》第一次从权利与义务相平衡的视角,主张一切国家机关、武装力量、政党、团体、企业事业单位和公民依法享有利用档案的权利。该权利如果从该法第五条的字面解读来看,似乎可理解为狭义上的“查阅、复制”等利用权利,如果从该法全文的深度解读来看,更应该借鉴广义上的“凡涉及档案有关”的所有权利,故建议统称为“档案权利”。新《档案法》不仅从主体、客体和内容对档案权利进行了全域审视,而且从建档、管档和用档对档案权利进行了全程保障。证成档案权利的社会习惯和利益关系是不断发展变化的,建议鼓励公民个人参与档案治理、全面认知自身的档案权利,激励档案部门提升档案服务、全面实现各方的档案权利,强化档案主管部门主体责任,全面保障各方的档案权利。

The new Archives Law advocates for the rights of all state organs,armed forces,political parties,groups,institutions,enterprises,and individuals to use archives in accordance with the law,from the per-spective of balancing rights and obligations.If we interpret this right literally based on Article 5 of the law,it seems to be understood as the narrow sense of"access,copying"and other usage rights.However,if we take a deeper interpretation of the entire text of the law,it should draw on the broader sense of all rights re-lated to archives.Therefore,it is suggested to collectively refer to these rights as"archive rights"The new Archives Law not only comprehensively examines the subjects,objects,and contents of archive rights but also guarantees these rights throughout the processes of archiving,managing,and utilizing archives.The social customs and interests related to the establishment of archive rights are constantly evolving.It is recommended to encourage individual citizens to participate in archive governance,fully understand their archive rights,motivate archive departments to improve archive services,fully realize the rights of all parties concerning ar-chives,strengthen the main responsibilities of archive regulatory authorities,and comprehensively safeguard the archive rights of all parties involved.