藏语与俄语动词时态对比研究

Comparative studies of the verb tenses in Tibetan and Russian

对于任何一种语言来说,动词都是至关重要且必不可少的一项词类,与动词相关的语法范畴在语言中往往也是最为复杂的。文章运用现代语言学比较分析的方法,对藏语和俄语动词的操作性定义、分类、语法特征以及三时(过去时、现在时、将来时)变化等方面的特点进行了对比研究。通过对具体例词的分析来说明这两种语言动词时态变化的异同,总结了藏语和俄语中动词时态变化规律和语用特点,也对两种语言在动词语义方面的异同进行了梳理,以探索它们在语法、语义、语用等方面的差异。比如俄语动词可分为完成体和未完成体,而藏语动词的时态变化则更多地通过形态变化来表达等。文章通过对比不同语系不同语族的两种语言中的动词,旨在为新语言的学习者提供借鉴和启示,进而对藏语和俄语两种语言的教学提供参考。通过对比分析两种语言中的动词时态变化,可以更好地了解该语言中动词的语法规则和语义表达,提高该语言的语言表达能力,这种对比方法对于语言学习者是非常有益的。

Verbs play the important roles in all languages and bear a grammatical characteristic of complexity in general.Particularly,the tenses and the respective changes occurred on the verb forms hold important position in both Tibetan and Russian as they are the fundamental formation and the essence of the verbs in Tibetan and Russian.This article discusses the understanding of the verbs,usages of the verbs,the three tenses of the verbs in Tibetan and that of in Russian.The similarities and differences of the rules and characteristics of the three tenses of the verbs in Tibetan and in Russian have been discussed.