论“网约工”劳动权益的数据法保护路径

On the Protection Path in the Jurisprudence of Data Protection for Right and Interest of"Net Contract Worker"

“网约工”由于身份属性多元不能全部被认定为劳动者,现有的劳动法机制无法完全解决平台用工中算法管理和数据处理带来的新问题,所以需要另辟蹊径,探索通过数据法保护其劳动权益。为了保障算法透明,设置平台算法信息披露义务有其必要性。预防算法压榨则需将“网约工”的劳动权益保障作为算法的核心指标,并提供工作条件影响评估等制度支持。而应对算法歧视,不仅要从算法设计入手,避免对“网约工”的透视,还需要有对重大决策的人工干预和审查机制。平台用工的整个过程伴随着各种“网约工”个人信息的处理行为,“网约工”可通过主张各项数据权,包括就“黑箱”行使知情权和算法解释权、就违法差评行使删除权、就用户评价行使可携带权、就证据材料行使查阅复制权,依法与平台抗衡。

Due to the multiple identity attributes of platform workers,not all of them can be recognized as employees.The mechanism of labor law cannot completely solve the new problems caused by algorithm management and data processing in the platform employment.It is necessary to explore the approach to protect the labor rights and interests of platform workers through data law.In order to ensure the transparency of the algorithm,it is necessary to set up the algorithm information disclosure obligation of the platform.To prevent digitalsweatshop,the protection of the labor rights and interests of platform workers should be taken as the core index of the algorithm,and the institutional support such as the impact assessment of working conditions should be provided.To deal with algorithm discrimination,we should not only start from algorithm design and avoid the perspective of platform workers,but also have a manual intervention and review mechanism for major decisions.Since the whole process of platform employment is accompanied by all kinds of personal information processing of platform workers,they can claim various data rights to fight against the platform.The right to know and the right to algorithm interpretation are essential to open the"black box".When a negative comment is illegal,the platform worker may claim the right to delete it.To protect their reputation capital,platform workers should be granted the right to data portability.In case of disputes platform workers can claim the right of access and copy to get evidence materials.