外泌体作为药物载体在中枢神经系统疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes as Drug Carriers in Central Nervous System Diseases

外泌体作为细胞间通讯的重要信使,在正常和病理条件下通过转运蛋白质、核酸等物质参与多种生物学功能的调控过程。治疗药物难以跨越血脑屏障(BBB)致使脑内药物浓度过低,无法达到预期治疗效果一直是中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病的治疗瓶颈。考虑到外泌体具有良好的生物相容性、较好的渗透性、能够穿越血脑屏障、天然的稳定性以及低免疫原性和毒性等优点,研究者们开始将其作为新型药物递送系统(DDS)来提升药物在脑内的生物利用度,为临床治疗CNS疾病提供一种新兴治疗策略。本文就外泌体DDS治疗CNS疾病的研究进展进行综述,概述了目前外泌体的载药方式和作为脑部递送载体的特性,重点介绍了外泌体作为核酸、蛋白质和化学药物的递送载体在CNS疾病中的治疗应用。

As an important messenger for intercellular communication,exosomes participate in the regulatory process of various biological functions by transporting proteins,nucleic acids and other substances under normal and pathological conditions.It is difficult for therapeutic drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB),so that the concentrations of cerebral drugs are too low to achieve the expected therapeutic effects,which has been the bottleneck of treatment of central nervous system(CNS)diseases.Considering the advantages of exosomes such as good biocompatibility,good permeability,ability to cross the BBB,natural stability and low immunogenicity and toxicity,researchers have begun to use them as a new drug delivery system(DDS)to improve the bioavailability of drugs in brain and provide an emerging therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of CNS diseases.This article reviews the research progress of exosomes as DDS in the therapy of CNS diseases.In this paper,the current drug-loading methods and the properties as brain delivery carrier are summarized and the application of exosomes as delivery carrier of nucleic acids,proteins,and chemical drugs in the treatment of neurological diseases is highlighted.