回到过程之中:西南边境小农户实现可持续生计的困境与思考

Back to the Process: The Dilemma and Rethinking of Smallholders’ Sustainability Livelihoods in the Southwest Border of Yunnan Province

在后扶贫时代,如何推动农村产业振兴、实现农户可持续生计,是迈向共同富裕所面临的重要课题之一。其中,理解农户生计适应性和脆弱性是进一步培育农户内生动力的基础和前提。本文以社会资本为分析工具,在修改SLA理论框架基础上揭示云南M抵边村将外部干预行动“内部化”的机制性过程,发现新产业植入前,当地人基于“意会”的社会关系网络维系了人与物的流动,形塑了农业组织形态、保障了兼业活动和日常生活的顺利进行。新产业植入后,尽管农业组织形式被改变,行动者仍借助互惠与信任等传统组织要素维持产业稳定,体现出生计适应性;疫情冲击下,地方政府缓解了生计压力,但行动者自身生计能力仍存在提升空间。该案例揭示,应重视行动者自发形成的经济互动形态,并在激活其所蕴含的积极资源基础上,创造有助于展开多方合作的制度环境。

In the post-era for poverty alleviation, how to promote rural industrial revitalization and achieve sustainable livelihoods of local people are practical issues regarding common prosperity.Among them, understanding the adaptability and vulnerability of smallholders' livelihoods are the basis and premises for further cultivating the endogenous power of local people.The M village on the border in Yunnan province provides a typical example to analyze this theme.Before the implantation of industrial projects led by local government, the social network of local people based on “the sense of understanding”(psycho-mental complex)maintained the “getting by” livelihoods.By contrast, after the implantation of the new project, although cooperatives been established and the form of agricultural organization been changed, the smallholders still maintain the stability of the new industry utilizing traditional organizational elements, especially reciprocity and trust, which reflects the livelihood vulnerability.Under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, although local government has provided effective support, local people still show some livelihood vulnerability in their interaction with external market.This case reveals that the core of long-term effectiveness of external intervention lies in whether it can be compatible with local context and provide a corresponding institutional environment.