毫秒脉冲星观测反演台站原子钟行为研究

Retrieval of the hydrogen maser’s behavior at local station using observations of millisecond pulsars

氢原子钟作为高精度时间和频率系统的核心部件,在射电天文观测、高精度时间计量、空间导航等领域获得广泛应用。尽管氢原子钟具有极高的短期稳定性,但是其长期稳定度会受到各种环境因素的影响。毫秒脉冲星因其超乎寻常的长期稳定自转频率特性被誉为“挂在天上的钟”,在时间保持、深空导航等方面具有重要的潜在应用价值。本文基于上海天马望远镜毫秒脉冲星计时观测资料对有关问题进行了研究,成功反演出台站氢原子钟的历史行为,包括时钟跳跃、换钟等。通过分段拟合其计时残差中偏离白噪声的长期趋势成功获得氢原子钟速。综合考虑上述历史行为后获得了基于该毫秒脉冲星的时钟改正文件,将其用于天马望远镜其他多颗毫秒脉冲星计时分析并取得了非常理想的效果。

As the core component of a high-precision time and frequency system,the hydrogen maser clock has been widely used in radio astronomy observation,high-precision time measurement,space navigation and other fields.Although the hydrogen maser clock is extremely stable in the short term,its long-term stability could be affected by various environmental factors.The millisecond pulsar(MSP)is known as the“clock on the sky”because of its extraordinary long-term stable rotation frequency characteristics and its important potential application value in time maintenance,deep space navigation and other fields.Deep studies in these fields were done based on the timing observation data on MSPs with the Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope(TMRT),and the historical behavior of the hydrogen atomic clock at the station,including clock jumping and changing,were successfully retrieved.The hydrogen maser clock speed is successfully obtained by fitting the long-term trend of deviation from white noise in timing residuals.Considering the above historical behavior,we obtained the clock-correction file based on pulsar timing.We applied this file to the timing analysis of other MSPs in the TMRT and achieved very good results.