汉阳陵K21号外藏坑裂隙调查及稳定性研究

Investigation and stability analysis of cracks of the K21 external pit fissures in the Hanyang Mausoleum

汉阳陵博物馆位于陕西省咸阳市,是我国也是全世界首座全封闭地下博物馆,其外藏坑的裂隙病害发育,严重危及坑壁和坑底文物安全,迫切需要保护和加固。以往对露天和半封闭环境下遗址病害及防治研究居多,而对全封闭环境下的研究鲜有报道。以汉阳陵K21号外藏坑为研究对象,首先通过现场调查确定裂隙数量和分布特征,在此基础上研究裂隙产生的原因并进行分类,通过数值模拟方法对坑壁稳定性及影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:K21号外藏坑共53条裂隙,主要分布于南、北侧地表和坑壁,地表纵向裂隙为卸荷裂隙,地表横向裂隙为干缩裂隙,坑壁裂隙主要为构造裂隙;纵向卸荷裂隙是坑壁稳定性降低的主要原因,无论是地震、人为荷载还是裂隙进一步发育都将导致坑壁发生失稳。建议采用锚杆对坑壁进行加固,通过施加预应力对卸荷裂隙进行复位和预紧。该研究对馆藏遗址裂隙病害调查与保护具有重要的指导意义。

Located in the city of Xianyang in Shaanxi Province,the Hanyang Mausoleum is the first fully closed underground museum in China and in the world.The fissure disease of its outer pit is developing,which seriously endangers the safety of the pit wall and the pit bottom cultural relics,and it is urgent to protect and strengthen the pit.In the past,more was learned about the disease and prevention of the ruins in the open air and semi-closed environment,while the completely closed environment was seldom examined.This paper takes the outer pit K21 of the Hanyang Mausoleum as the research object.The number and distribution characteristics of cracks are determined through field investigation.On this basis,the causes of cracks are studied and classified.The stability of pit wall and its influencing factors are analyzed by numerical simulation methods.The research results show that there are 53 cracks in the K21 outer pit,mainly occurring on the south and north sides of the surface and the pit wall.The surface longitudinal cracks are unloading cracks,the surface transverse cracks are dry shrinkage cracks,and the pit wall cracks are mainly structural cracks.The longitudinal unloading crack is the main reason for the reduction of pit wall stability.The earthquake,artificial load or the further development of cracks will lead to the pit wall to be unstable.It is recommended to use anchor bolts to reinforce the pit wall,and reset and pre-tighten the unloading cracks by applying prestress.This study is of important guiding significance for the investigation and protection of the fissure disease in the museum sites.