优化我国基础研究投入与配置的思考

Reflections on Optimizing the Investment and Allocation of Basic Research in China

基础研究是整个科学体系的源头,是所有技术问题的总机关。基础研究投入与配置直接关系着基础研究的产出及影响。党的二十大报告进一步强调“加强基础研究,突出原创,鼓励自由探索。提升科技投入效能,深化财政科技经费分配使用机制改革,激发创新活力”。在新发展阶段,需更加科学地理解基础研究投入与配置,不能只关注R&D经费中基础研究的占比,还要从财政科技投入中的基础研究经费占比、中央和地方基础研究经费投入结构等多角度进行系统思考。与发达国家相比,我国基础研究投入与配置仍存在一些需要进一步改进的问题,如投入强度较低,经费投入结构单一且“重复分散”,基础研究经费资助偏向短期项目,有组织的经费资助模式尚未建立等。建议系统性破除制约我国基础研究投入的制度障碍,财政科技资金更多地投入基础研究和应用基础研究,支持多元创新主体投入基础研究,优化部门和央地间经费配置协同机制,建立健全基础研究经费精细化管理等,进一步优化我国基础研究投入与配置。

Basic research is the bedrock of the whole scientific system,and the key to all technological issues.The investment and allocation of basic research directly affect the output and impact of it.The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further emphasizes that“strengthening basic research,highlighting originality,encouraging free exploration,improving the efficiency of scientific and technological investment,deepening the reform of the allocation and utilization mechanism of financial scientific and technological funds,and stimulating innovation vitality”.In the new stage of development,it is necessary to have a more scientific understanding of the investment and allocation of basic research.We should not only focus on the proportion of basic research in R&D funding,but also systematically consider the proportion of basic research funding in financial science and technology investment,the structure of central and local basic research funding etc.Compared with developed countries,there are still some issues that need to be further improved in the investment and allocation of basic research in China,such as low investment intensity,single,and“repetitive and dispersed”funding structure,a bias towards short-term projects in basic research funding,and an organized funding model that has not yet been established.It is recommended to systematically eliminate the institutional barriers that restrict China’s investment in basic research,allocate more public finance of science and technology to basic research and applied basic research,support diversified innovative entities to invest in basic research,further optimize the coordination mechanism of departmental and central-local funding allocation,establish and improve the refined management of basic research funds,and further optimize China’s basic research investment and allocation.