全球价值链嵌入位置、出口产品质量与工薪差距

Embedded Position of Global Value Chain,Quality of Export Products and Wage Gap

利用中国工业企业数据库、海关数据库以及WIOD数据库中的相关数据和年鉴数据,经验分析了企业嵌入全球价值链位置变化对工薪差距的影响以及出口产品质量在全球价值链与工薪差距关系中的作用。结果表明:企业嵌入全球价值链位置攀升对工薪差距产生显著正向影响,在经过内生性检验和稳健性检验后这一结论依然成立。机制检验结果表明,全球价值链地位提升会提高产品质量,产品质量提高又会扩大工薪差距。异质性分析表明,开展混合贸易的企业和民营企业全球价值链地位攀升对工薪差距产生显著正向影响,只开展一种贸易方式的企业、国有企业、外资与港澳台资企业在全球价值链中所处位置的提升不影响工薪差距。基于上述研究结论,从加大研发投入,完善知识产权保护制度,提升低技能劳动人力资本水平,增加高技能劳动供给,将缩小工薪差距重点放在提高低技能劳动的收入水平上等方面提出相应政策建议。

Using the relevant data and yearbook data from Chinese industrial enterprise database,customs database and WIOD database,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of enterprises embedded global value chain on wage gap,and the role of export product quality in the relationship between global value chain and wage gap.The results show that the position of enterprises embedded in the global value chain has a significant positive impact on the wage gap.This conclusion is still valid after endogenesis test and robustness test.The mechanism test results indicate that the improvement of the status of the global value chain will improve the product quality,while the improvement of product quality will widen the wage gap.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the rising status of mixed trade enterprises and private enterprises in the global value chain has a significant positive impact on the wage gap.On the other hand,the change of the position of enterprises with only one mode of trade,state-owned enterprises,foreign capital and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan-funded enterprises in the global value chain does not affect the wage gap.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations from the aspects of increasing R&D investment,improving the intellectual property protection system,raising the level of human capital of low-skilled labor,increasing the supply of high-skilled labor and focusing on reducing the income level of low skilled workers.