儿童数据权益保护:同意主义之检视

Protection of Children’s Data Rights and Interests:A Review of Consentism

进入网络时代,儿童数据滥用和泄露现象屡见不鲜,保护儿童数据安全已成为各国共识。基于儿童的特殊性、数据的风险性和法理的正当性,同意主义自然成为儿童数据保护的核心机制。但是,现实中由于监护人的过度介入和决策的非理性特征、具体操作实践过于简化或者过于复杂、实现成本较高、网络经营者的规避等原因,同意主义面临着虚化和失效的困境。对此,要通过区分数据风险和儿童年龄以差异化监护人同意、提高监护人的网络素养、明确同意认证方式、区分儿童和成年人网站、建立利害关系人合作机制以对同意主义进行修正,使其能够实际落地。除此之外,还应采取完善撤回同意规则、保障儿童删除权和请求民事公益诉讼的方式对同意主义造成的后果进行法律救济,从而最大限度地保护儿童数据权益。

In the Internet era,the abuse and leakage of children’s data are common.Protecting children's data security has become a consensus of all countries.Due to the particularity of children,the risk of data and the legitimacy of jurisprudence,consentism has naturally become the core mechanism of children’s data protection.However,in reality,due to the irrational intervention and decision-making of the guardian,over-simplification or over-complexity of specific operation practices,high cost of implementation and avoidance of network operators,consentism is faced with the dilemma of emptiness and failure.Therefore,it is necessary to differentiate the consent of guardians by distinguishing between data risks and children’s ages.It is also necessary to modify the consentism by improving the network literacy of guardians,clarifying the method of consent authentication,distinguishing between children and adults’websites,and establishing stakeholder cooperation mechanisms to enable it to be implemented in practice.In addition,it is also necessary to provide legal remedies for the consequences caused by the consentism by improving the withdrawal consent rules,protecting children’s right to erasure and requesting civil public interest litigation,so as to maximize the protection of children’s data rights and interests.