施氮量对弱筋小麦商麦188干物质形成、籽粒品质及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Dry Matter Formation,Grain Quality and Yield of Weak Gluten Wheat‘Shangmai 188’

设计5个施氮量0(N0,CK)、100(N100)、150(N150)、200(N200)、250 kg/hm^(2)(N250),研究不同施氮量水平对弱筋小麦商麦188干物质形成、籽粒品质及产量的影响。结果显示:在施氮量0~250 kg/hm^(2),干物质积累量与氮肥施用量呈正相关,施氮为200 kg/hm^(2)时最高。开花前后,N200处理的营养器官贮藏同化物转运量、干物质积累量和对籽粒贡献率均较高;开花前,N200较其他处理更有利于营养器官所贮藏的同化物向籽粒转运,转运量比N250、N150、N100、N0分别高9.58%、22.18%、44.53%、129.91%;开花后,N200干物质在籽粒中的积累量较N250、N150、N100、N0分别高3.66%、3.78%、6.18%、6.82%,说明N200处理在植物成熟期有利于积累干物质,开花后也有利于物质向籽粒转运,维持了灌浆中后期较高的籽粒灌浆速率,增加粒重效果最优。弱筋小麦商麦188籽粒品质与施氮量的增加呈负相关,在N0、N100、N150和N200处理时,粗蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、稳定时间等指标均达到优质弱筋小麦的标准;在N250处理中,其蛋白质含量指标超过了国家规定的优质弱筋小麦的最低标准,所以认为,施氮量在200 kg/hm^(2)以下才能保证弱筋小麦的品质;弱筋小麦在N200处理下获得了最高产量,各处理表现为N200>N250>N150>N100>N0,前4个处理较N0分别提高了42.99%、38.70%、24.85%、12.39%。综合考虑小麦干物质积累量、籽粒品质和产量等结果可知,N200是本试验条件下弱筋小麦品种商麦188获得的优质与高产的最佳处理。

Five N application treatments,i.e.,0(N0,CK),100(N100),150(N150),200(N200),and 250 kg×hm‒2(N250),were designed to study the effects of different levels of nitrogen application on the formation of dry matter,kernel quality,and yield of weakly turgid wheat,Merchant Wheat 188.The results showed that dry matter accumulation was positively correlated with N fertilizer application at 0-250 kg×hm^(-2) and was highest at 200 kg×hm^(-2).The amount of storage assimilate translocation of nutrient organs and its dry matter accumulation and contribution to seeds were the highest in the N200 treatment before and after flowering;Before flowering,N200 was more conducive to the transport of assimilates stored in vegetative organs to seeds than other treatments,and the transport volume was 9.58%,22.18%,44.53% and 129.91% higher than that of N250,N150,N100 and N0,respectively.After flowering,the dry matter accumulation of N200 was 3.66%,3.78%,6.18% and 6.82%higher than that of N250,N150,N100 and N0,respectively,indicating that the N200 treatment was beneficial to the accumu-lation of dry matter during the maturity stage of the plant and was also beneficial to the transport of matter to the grain after flowering,which maintained a higher grain filling rate in the middle and late stages of filling and had the optimal effect of increasing grain weight.The grain quality of weak-gluten wheat‘Shangmai 188’was negatively correlated with the increase in N application,When treated with N0,N100,N150 and N200,the crude protein content,wet gluten content,water absorption and stability time reached the standard of high quality weak gluten wheat.In N250 treatment,the protein content index ex-ceeded the minimum standard of high-quality weak gluten wheat stipulated by the state,so it was considered that the quality of weak gluten wheat could be guaranteed only if the nitrogen application rate was below 200 kg×hm^(-2).The highest yield of weak gluten wheat was obtained under N200 treatment,which was N200>N250>N150>N100>N0,the first four treatments increased by 42.99%,38.70%,24.85%and 12.39%,respectively,compared with N0.Considering the results of dry matter accumulation,grain quality,and wheat yield,it can be seen that N200 is the best treatment for high quality and high yield of weak gluten wheat variety“Shangmai 188”under the conditions of this experiment.