风景园林批评的学科价值

Disciplinary Values of Landscape Architectural Criticism

过去几十年,风景园林的学科属性受到中外学界不同程度的质疑。在此,试图把批评学引入风景园林以期回应学科境况。拟从4个层面讨论风景园林批评的学科价值:(1)风景园林批评着眼于景观作品,因此,作品评论能强化相应的设计话语,促进风景园林知识的系统性搭建;(2)上千年的风景园林批评史,亦组成了系统的风景园林知识;(3)处于三位一体结构的“历史/理论/批评”能巩固风景园林知识的系统性;(4)批评具有探索自主性理论的功能,从而服务于建构风景园林知识的独立性。旨在揭示,批评学能推动建构系统且独立的风景园林知识体系,从而促进学科建设。

In last few decades,the disciplinary attribute of landscape architecture has been constantly questioned by academic circles at home and abroad.This paper attempts to introduce criticism into landscape architecture to respond to and even improve this situation.Specifically,criticism could contribute from four dimensions:(1)landscape architecture criticism focuses on landscape works,and therefore the criticism can strengthen the corresponding design discourse and promote the systematic construction of landscape architecture knowledge;(2)the thousand-year history of landscape architecture criticism is also a key component of landscape architecture knowledge;(3)the three-in-one framework of"history-theory-criticism"can consolidate the systematicity of landscape architecture knowledge;(4)criticism has the function of exploring autonomous theories to construct the independence of landscape architecture knowledge.In sum,this paper aims to point out that criticism can play an irreplaceable role in the reconstruction of systematic and autonomous knowledge system in the field of landscape architecture.