中国本土书院制:历史演变、生成路径及特征

Chinese Academy System:Historical Evolution,Formation Path and Characteristics

中国书院作为集生活、育人、文化功能于一体的教育组织,是古代传统教育的结晶。在建立现代大学制度的过程中,各高校普遍通过建立书院来探索学生管理和人才培养新模式。文章分析了现代大学书院得以成功传承的原因:从制度上来看,源自中世纪的住宿学院,经由英美住宿学院发展,衍生出近代住宿学院制度;从文化上来看,自唐朝至清末,由古代书院、近代新式学堂至现代书院凝聚成书院的精神内核。书院和专业学院融合发展,形成了以教学相长、朋辈交流、教研互补为基本特征的中国特色书院制度。中国大学书院制在借鉴与传承中实现本土化,顺应了高等教育改革趋势,不仅是高等教育机构育人使命的回归,也是对人才培养模式的实践与创新。

Chinese academy is an educational organization integrating life,education and cultural functions,and is also the crystallization of ancient traditional education.In the process of establishing a modern university system,universities have generally established colleges in order to explore new models of student management and talent training.This paper analyzes the reason for the successful inheritance of modern university colleges:from the institutional point of view,it originated from the medieval residential colleges,and through the development of British residential colleges and American Houses,the modern residential college system was derived;from a cultural point of view,it has experienced the transformation of ancient colleges,modern new-style schools to modern colleges and brings together the spiritual core of the academy that has been condensed since the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.With the integration of the academy and the professional college,a college system is fromed,with Chinese characteristics that teaches each other,exchanges between peers,and complements teaching and research.The localization of the university academy system in the process of reference and inheritance is not only a return to the mission of higher education institutions,but also the practice and innovation of talent training model.