县域农业温室气体排放特征及低碳农业发展研究——以浙江省桐庐县为例

Study on Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission Characteristics and Low-carbon Agricultural Development:A Case Study of Tonglu County

建设农业强国,生态低碳农业是未来发展的方向,在实现“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标的大背景下,分析了桐庐县农业温室气体排放的特征和探讨了低碳农业发展的策略,为实现农业节能减排和制定农业绿色低碳发展政策提供理论依据。结果表明:桐庐县的农业温室气体排放总体呈下降趋势,种植业的排放量是畜禽养殖业的3.2倍,农用地N2O排放量的比重最大;其中,化学氮肥产生的N2O是第一大排放源,水稻种植产生的CH4是第二大排放源,由生猪养殖引起的CH4和N2O是第三大排放源。农林牧渔业的温室气体排放强度在0.303~0.346 t CO_(2-eq)/万元之间。县域农业温室气体排放量受节能减排政策和农业面源污染治理措施的影响较大,“肥药双减”“非粮化”“非农化”整治和生猪稳产保供等政策措施在很大程度上影响了桐庐县的节能减排效果。化肥减量增效、稻田施肥管理、农用地耕作制度优化、高标准规模养殖场建设和畜禽粪污资源化利用是未来桐庐县绿色低碳农业发展的方向和重点。

Building an agricultural power,ecological low-carbon agriculture is the the future development direction.Under the background of achieving the goal of“double carbon”,the characteristics of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and low-carbon agricultural development strategy of Tonglu County were analyzed.It provides an important basis for realizing agricultural energy saving and emission reduction and formulating agricultural green and low-carbon development policies.The results showed that agricultural greenhouse gas emissions in Tonglu County showed a downward trend on the whole,and the emission of planting industry was 3.2 times of that of breeding industry.N2O emission from agricultural land accounts for the largest proportion.N2O emission from chemical nitrogen fertilizer is the largest source,CH4 emission from rice cultivation is the second source,and CH4 and N2O emission from pig farming is the third source.Greenhouse gas emission intensity per unit added value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery is between 0.303 and 0.346 t CO2-eq/104 yuan.County agricultural greenhouse gas emissions are greatly affected by energy conservation and emission reduction policies and agricultural non-point source pollution control measures.Policy measures such as fertilizer and drug reduction,“non-grain”and“non-agricultural”regulation,and stable production and supply of live pigs have a great impact on the control effect of county carbon emissions.The direction and focus of green and low-carbon agriculture development in Tonglu County are fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase,fertilizer management in paddy field,optimization of agricultural land cultivation system,construction of high-standard large-scale livestock farms and utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources.