江西省双季稻“早籼晚粳”种植模式产量、资源利用效率及经济效益研究

Study on Yield,Resource Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefit of Double Cropping Rice Systems with“Early Indica and Late Japonica”in Jiangxi Province

通过设置“早籼晚粳”、优质稻全程机械化2种常用栽培模式,对比分析了周年产量构成、温光资源利用、氮肥利用、水分利用及经济效益的差异,探索了“早籼晚粳”模式高产的形成机理及高经济效益的形成原因。结果表明:与晚籼稻相比较,籼粳杂交稻生育期更长,灌浆结实期延长了25 d,可充分利用晚稻后期10月下旬—11月上中旬的温光资源,并且籼粳杂交稻穗大粒多、总颖花量大、库容量大,干物质积累量多,因此能获得更高的产量;与全程机械化模式相比,“早籼晚粳”模式周年产量增幅为17.57%,周年光能利用率增幅为12.68%,周年热能利用率增幅为14.07%,周年氮肥利用率增幅为6.89%,周年水分利用率增幅为11.63%,周年经济效益增加了2770元/hm2。“早籼晚粳”模式可充分利用南方稻区双季稻温光资源,大幅提升产量、水资源、温光资源及经济效益,适合在江西省进行大面积推广。

The cultivation modes of“early Indica and late Japonica”and full mechanization of quality rice were set up,and a field experiment was conducted to study annual yield,utilization of temperature and light resources,utilization of nitrogen fertilizer,utilization of water and economic benefit of two cultivation modes.The formation mechanism of high yield and formation reason of high economic benefit of“early indica and late japonica”model were explored.The results showed that the growth period of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice was longer than late Indica rice,and the grain-filling period was prolonged by 25 days,which can make full use of the temperature and light resources from late October to early mid-November in late rice.Moreover,it can obtain high yield because of large panicle,large total spike-lets,large storage capacity and large dry matter accumulation.Compared with the full mechanized mode,the annual yield was increased by 17.57%,the annual solar energy utilization was increased by 12.68%,the annual thermal energy utilization was increased by 14.07%,the annual growth rates of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 6.89%,the annual water utilization was increased by 11.63%and the annual economic benefit was increased by 2770 yuan/hm2.The“early indica and late japonica”model can make full use of the temperature and light resources of double cropping rice in southern rice region,greatly improve the yield,water resources,temperature and light resources and economic benefits,and is suitable for large-scale popularization in Jiangxi Province.