朱子论《论语·学而》“信近于义”章

Zhu Zi's Interpretaions on the Chapter of"Xin Gets Close to Yi"in Xue Er of TheAnalects

《论语·学而》“信近于义”章的歧说众多,诸家对字义、句意、逻辑结构和义理的理解都不尽相同。汉唐的何晏、皇侃、韩愈及李翱之论,宋儒邢、二程与张载之说,皆差异明显。朱子敏锐地发觉,旧注都缺少一截工夫,切中了先儒的共同弊病。与前人不同,朱子以“践”训“复”,以“依”训“因”,主张通过谨始虑终的工夫,弥合信和义、恭和礼、因和亲之间的张力。他认为此章三句是并列关系、各自独立,分别指向义、礼和仁。每句内部则是工夫和效验的关系。从解释特色看,朱子以谨始虑终贯通此章,凸显出用智明理在言行交际和美德培育中的重要作用,体现出对仁、义、礼、智四德的追求。

There are many different interpretations of the chapter of"Xin gets close to Yi"in The Analects of Confucius,with different understandings of the meanings of the words,sentences,logical structures,and principles.The theories of He Yan,Huang Kan,Han Yu,and Li Ao in the Han and Tang dynasties,and Xing Bing,Cheng Hao,Cheng Yi,and Zhang Zai in the Song,are different.Zhu Zi,however,noticed that all previous annotations were missing a crucial element,a common flaw among early Confucianists.Unlike his predecessors,Zhu Ziregards the three sentences in this chapter as parallel and independent,referring to Yi,Li,and Ren respectively,with each sentence emphasizing the relationship between effort and effectiveness.By practicing prudence from beginning to end,Zhu Zi believed that the tensions between Xin and Yi,Gong and Li,Yin and Qin could be reconciled.This interpretation highlights the important role of using wisdom and common sense in communication and behavior,and reflects the pursuit of the four virtues of Ren,Yi,Li and Zhi.