基于短时记忆的高速公路施工区可变信息标志布设

VMS Layout for Expressway Construction Area Based on Short-term Memory

由于驾驶人在接受施工信息过程中存在短时记忆与认知负荷问题,导致其对传统固定模式的信息发布指示牌难以辨别。为了确定VMS布设位置、布设方式和布设高度,优化施工过程中信息发布策略,缩短驾驶人认知、判断、响应时间,提升驾驶人的认度,保障交通运行安全,在理论创新与实践应用两个维度上,通过对国内外公开的驾驶人短时记忆、驾驶人认知负荷、基于短时记忆的VMS认知研究成果对比分析,结合驾驶员获取信息、判断选择、做出反应、动作执行、车辆运动状态变换的过程,充分考虑驾驶员的基本特性、短时记忆与认知负荷,构建了基于短时记忆的施工作业区VMS布设模型。确定了基于驾驶员短时记忆的高速公路施工作业区VMS布设的前置距离,以此解决高速公路改扩建工程与养护工程实施过程的信息发布及时性与“边通车、边施工”交通运行安全问题。结果表明:在双向四车道高速公路改扩建工程中,按照构建的基于短时记忆的施工作业区VMS布设前置距离模型,验证了立柱式与悬臂式VMS距离,立柱式与悬臂式的VMS距离施工作业区的理论最小长度分别为328 m和326 m。上述结果可为高速公路改扩建工程、养护工程不中断交通施工时VMS布设提供参考与借鉴。

Due to the problems of short-term memory and cognitive load in the process of receiving construction information,drivers cannot distinguish the traditional fixed mode of information release signs.In order to determine the VMS layout location,layout mode and height,optimize the information release strategy in the construction process,shorten drivers’cognitive,judgment and response time,and improve drivers’cognitive to ensure the safety of traffic operation,there are two dimensions of theoretical innovation and practical application,by comparing and analyzing the published researches on driver’s short-term memory,drivers’cognitive load and VMS based on short-term memory,the basic characteristics,short-term memory and cognitive load of drivers are fully considered in the process of acquiring information,judging and choosing,responding,executing actions and changing vehicle motion state,the VMS layout model of construction area based on short-term memory is established.Based on drivers’short-term memory,the advance distance of VMS Layout in expressway construction area is determined,in order to solve the expressway reconstruction and expansion project and maintenance of the implementation process of timely release of information and“side traffic,side construction”traffic safety issues.The result shows that in the reconstruction and extension project of two-way four-lane expressway,the VMS advance distance model based on short-term memory is used to validate the column-type and cantilever-type VMS distance,the theoretical minimum lengths of column VMS and cantilever VMS are 328 m and 326 m respectively.The above result can be used for reference in VMS layout of expressway reconstruction and extension project and maintenance project without interruption of traffic construction.