巴渝新居集体搬迁户的生计恢复力差异与建设路径

Differences of Relocated Farmers’Livelihood Resilience and Livelihood Construction Pass in Bayu New Residence

巴渝新居建设的最终目的是解决农户最需要、最长远的生计问题。比较集体搬迁户生计恢复力的前后变化和主体差异,有助于识别农户生计恢复力的障碍因子,对于保障农户长远生计的稳定具有重要的现实意义。以重庆市江津区龙华镇燕坝村为样区,基于燕坝场、白龙场、彭家山等3个巴渝新居点集体搬迁农户的调研数据,从缓冲能力、自组织能力和学习能力3个维度构建生计恢复力指标体系,按种养收入占家庭总收入的比重,将农户划分为种植型农户、养殖型农户、种养型农户和非农型农户,对不同生计类型农户搬迁前后的生计恢复力水平进行评价,并运用灰色关联分析法和解释结构模型,识别影响不同生计类型农户生计恢复力差异的主要因素,进而探索农户生计恢复力提升的建设路径。得到以下结果:1)不同类型农户的生计恢复力具有差异。搬迁前农户生计恢复力水平从高到低分别为:种植型农户(0.166)、非农型农户(0.161)、养殖型农户(0.139)和种养型农户(0.106)。搬迁后农户生计恢复力水平从高到低为种养型农户(0.376)、养殖型农户(0.365)、种植型农户(0.311)和非农型农户(0.265);2)不同类型农户的生计恢复力在搬迁后有不同程度的提升。生计恢复力提升程度从大到小依次为:种养型农户(0.270)、养殖型农户(0.226)、种植型农户(0.145)和非农型农户(0.104);3)影响非农型农户生计恢复力的主要因子有家庭通讯费用、财务储蓄等非农业因子,影响其他类型农户生计恢复力的主要因子有种植、养殖业产值以及人均旱地面积等农业因子。研究结果表明,集中居住有效提升了农户生计恢复力,但不同生计来源农户生计恢复力差异较大,应侧重从提高农户教育水平以及增加生计多样性入手,分类建设农户长远生计保障的路径。

The mission of Bayu new residence's construction is to make farmers live in new residences and start a new life to solve the most needed and long-term livelihood problems of farmers.Therefore,starting from the background of the construction of Bayu new residence,to reveal the before and after changes and the main differences in the collectively relocated farmers'livelihood resilience is helpful to identify the obstacle factors of the farmers'livelihood resilience,and also has important practical significance for ensuring the stability of the farmers'long-term livelihood.Taking Yanba Village of Longhua Town,Jiangjin District,Chongqing as a sample area,it constructed a livelihood resilience index system from three dimensions of buffer capacity,self-organization ability,and learning ability,based on the survey data of the collectively relocated farmers from three Bayu new residence in Yanbachang,Bailongchang,and Pengjiashan.The farmers were divided into the following types:planting farmers,breeding farmers,planting and breeding farmers,and non-agricultural farmers according to the proportion of planting and breeding income to the total household income.And then,the level of farmers'livelihood resilience with different livelihood types before and after relocation was assessed,respectively.In addition,the main factors affecting the difference in farmers'livelihood resilience with varying livelihoods were identified by the grey relational degree and interpretative structural modeling method.Then it explored the livelihood construction path to improve the farmers'livelihood resilience.1)There were differences in livelihood resilience among different farmers.The order from high to low of the farmers'livelihood resilience level before the relocation was planting farmers(0.166),non-agricultural farmers(0.161),breeding farmers(0.139),and planting and breeding farmers(0.106),while the order of the farmers'livelihood resilience level after relocation was planting and breeding farmers(0.376),breeding farmers(0.365),planting farmers(0.311),non-agricultural farmers(0.265),respectively.2)The livelihood resilience of different farmers was more or less improved after relocation.The degree of livelihood resilience improvement in descending order was as follows:planting and breeding farmers(0.270),breeding farmers(0.226),planting farmers(0.145),and non-agricultural farmers(0.104).3)The livelihood resilience of non-agricultural farmers was affected mainly by non-agricultural factors such as family communication costs and financial savings,while the livelihood resilience of other types of farmers was affected mainly by agricultural factors such as planting,aquaculture output value and per capital dry land area.Concentrated living did effectively improve the resilience of farmers'livelihood to a certain extent,but the livelihood resilience of farmers with different sources of livelihood varied greatly.Thus,the follow-up focus should be on improving the farmers'education level and increasing the livelihood diversity to construct the path of farmers'long-term livelihood security by category.