面向工程设计思维培养的STEM教学模式构建与案例分析

Construction and Case Analysis of STEM Teaching Mode for Cultivating Engineering Design Thinking

依托STEM教育跨学科的优势发展学生的工程设计思维,已经成为STEM教育与工程教育共同追求的核心目标。然而在当前的STEM教学中,基于工程设计展开的教学模式大多刻板遵循流程,致使学生停留于机械操作与简单模仿层面,缺乏创新意识。为解决这一现实困境,在梳理工程设计思维内涵及相关研究述评的基础上,通过厘清工程设计思维与工程设计的内在联系,探讨逆向工程与工程设计整合的优势,将工程设计、STEM学科内容和逆向工程教学法相结合,提出面向工程设计思维培养的STEM教学模式。该模式旨在帮助学生树立自上而下的工程探索视角,使其在“需要知道”和“需要做”的内外部双循环过程中感知问题、解决挑战性任务、实现产品创新。同时根据该模式设计并实施了手持小风扇改造案例,验证了其对学生工程设计思维培养的正向促进作用。

Relying on the interdisciplinary advantages of STEM education to develop students′engineering design thinking has become the core goal pursued by both STEM education and engineering education.However,in current STEM teaching,the teaching mode based on engineering design mostly follows a rigid process,resulting in students staying at the level of mechanical operation and simple imitation,lacking innovation awareness.To address this practical dilemma,based on the analysis of the connotation of engineering design thinking and related research reviews,this paper clarifies the internal relationship between engineering design thinking and engineering design,explores the advantages of integrating reverse engineering and engineering design,and combines engineering design,STEM subject content,and reverse engineering teaching methods to propose a STEM teaching model for cultivating engineering design thinking.This model aims to help students establish a top-down perspective on engineering exploration,enabling them to perceive problems,solve challenging tasks,and achieve product innovation in the internal and external dual cycle of′need to know′and′need to do′.At the same time,a handheld small fan transformation case was designed and implemented based on this model,verifying its positive promoting effect on the cultivation of students′engineering design thinking.