银川市10701例学龄前儿童体格发育的流行病学研究

Epidemiological Study on Physical Development of 10701 Preschool Children in Yinchuan

目的了解银川市3~6岁入园体检儿童体格发育情况及发育异常的分布特征。方法采用整群分层抽样法,抽取银川市2021年10701例3~6岁入园体检儿童,以2005年九省/市数值以及2007年WHO体质量指数诊断标准作为标准数据,与本研究数据进行对比,观察银川市3~6岁儿童体格发育情况。结果儿童肥胖检出率为5.15%,男童肥胖检出率(6.10%)高于女童(4.08%),差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.974,P<0.05);男童肥胖在年龄间差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=33.520,P<0.05),经两两比较,3岁与5岁、3岁与6岁、4岁与5岁、4岁与6岁男童肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.430,P<0.05);男童、女童消瘦检出率分别为5.14%、4.90%,差异不具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.304,P>0.05);男童消瘦在年龄间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.762,P<0.05),经两两比较,3岁与5岁、5岁与6岁男童消瘦差异有统计学意义;儿童身高、体质量均值与2005年九省/市数值比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2021年银川市10701例学龄前儿童肥胖检出率较一线城市偏低,消瘦检出率较其他城市高,随着年龄增加,二者检出率均升高;儿童体格发育与社会经济具有相同的发展模式。

Objective The study aimed to understand the physical development level of 3-6 years old children in Yinchuan who took physical examination for entering the kindergarten.Methods Using whole group sampling,a sample of 10701 children aged 3-6 who entered kindergarten for physical examination in 2021 in Yinchuan.By 2005 nine provinces/city values and the 2007 WHO BMI diagnostic criteria were used as standard data for comparison with the data in this study.Results The detection rate of childhood obesity was 5.15%,with a higher rate in boys(6.10%)compared to girls(4.08%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=19.974,P<0.05).There was a significant difference in obesity among boys at different ages(χ^(2)=33.520,P<0.05),with significant differences in obesity detection rates between 3 and 5 years old,3 and 6 years old,4 and 5 years old,and 4 and 6 years old boy(χ^(2)=4.430,P<0.05).The detection rates of underweight in boys and girls were 5.14%and 4.90%respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.304,P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in underweight among boys at different ages(χ^(2)=12.762,P<0.05),with significant differences in underweight rates between 3 and 5 years old,and 5 and 6 years old boys.The mean height and body mass index of children compared to data from nine provinces/cities in 2005 showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion In 2021,the detection rate of obesity among 10701 preschool children in Yinchuan City was relatively low compared to first-tier cities,while the detection rate of underweight was higher than in other cities.Both detection rates increase with age.The physical development of children follows the same pattern as socioeconomic development.