我们对孔子的爱与恨

The Worshipped and Demonized Confucius

中国历史上没有任何一个人物的评价,有如孔子这般复杂、争讼、扑朔迷离、难以调和。一千个人心目中有一千个孔子,每一个孔子都不一样,从顶礼膜拜直到猛烈攻击,形成针锋相对的两极。孔子问题,是中国文化传统中最难攻克的第一等学术难题。就孔子所倡导的孝道,曾经塑造了中国人的价值观和制度准则,也在落地的过程中发生了各种异化,甚至走到极端,走向对下一代的身心摧残,迸发出了鲁迅“救救孩子”的呼声。然而,鲁迅对觉醒的父母提出的“义务的”“利他的”“牺牲的”诉求,其实回归到了孔子“修己以安人”的终极指向,而这背后是育儿、幼教、家庭、婚姻、男女、养老等一系列复杂的社会问题的应运而生。所有这一切中国智慧、中国方案的提出,均有赖于永葆创新的精神,深耕文明传统,激活优秀传统文化的生命力。

No figure in Chinese history has been evaluated as complex,contentious,confusing,and difficult to reconcile as Confucius.There are a thousand Confucius in the minds of a thousand people,and each Confucius is dfferent,from the top worship until the fierce attack,forming two opposing groups.The Confucius conundrum is the first-class academic problem in the Chinese cultural heritage that is the most difficult to overcome.The filial piety advocated by Confucius,which once shaped Chinese values and institutional norms,has also undergone various alienations in the implementation process,even to the next generation,leading to Lu Xun's cry of"saving the children".Lu Xun's expectation of duty,altruism,and sacrifice for awakened parents was actually a return to Confucius'ultimate point of"cultivating oneself to appease others",which was behind a series of complex social issues such as child-rearing,early childhood education,family,marriage,gender issues,and elderly care.All these proposals of Chinese wisdom and schemes rely on the spirit of innovation,deep cultivation of civilizational traditions,and activation of the vitality of the excellent traditional culture.