神秘主义与儒学的现代开展:以熊十力与梁漱溟为中心

Mysticism and the Modern Development of Confucianism:Centered on Xiong Shili and Liang Shuming

熊十力与梁漱溟是新儒家里并峙的高峰。他们于“唯科学主义”思潮中,以个体英雄主义式的气概,提倡体认生命本体,达到万物一体的境界,使现代儒学在“神秘主义”传统中开展。熊十力强调体用不二,为学要识大本。当吾人以“性智”内证,于日用践履之中涵养功夫,则本体明了,仁心显现。梁漱溟早期盛赞儒家随感而应的态度亦即“直觉”,以之为“仁”,后期以人伦情理发展出的“理性”范畴代“直觉”,直指自觉的无私情感,希望吾人反观自身生命,向上创造,使宇宙大生命充满生气。

Xiong Shili and Liang Shuming are the peaks of Modern Neo-Confucianism.In the scientism trend of thought,they advocated the recognition of life noumenon with the spirit of individual heroism to achieve the realm of unity of all things so that modern Confucianism developed in the tradition of mysticism.Xiong Shili emphasizes that syncretism of essence and appearance.In order to learn,we should know the essence.When we use human intelligence as internal evidence,he will understand himself and show his benevolence in daily practice.In his early days,Liang Shuming praised the Confucianists'attitude of responding to their feelings,namely intuition,and took it as benevolence.In his later years,he replaced intuition with the reasonableness category of human relations and haircuts,pointing directly to the selfless feelings of consciousness.He hoped we could reflect on our lives,create upward,and make the universe full of vitality.