“黄檗文化”的触变、创造与新黄檗网络之形成

Acculturation and Invention of Obaku Culture and the Formation of the New Obaku Network

中国临济禅宗黄檗派的思想以及一些闽文化因子以东亚华商网络为媒介,由隐元禅师及同时代赴日唐僧、华侨等带到日本,对江户中期以来的日本佛教界及文化与社会产生了广泛而深远的影响。日本禅宗染上了黄檗色彩,而黄檗宗派也完成了日本本土化。所谓黄檗文化为20世纪70年代在长崎提出的新概念,并且在21世纪才从日本逆向输入中国。2015年后这一概念群的建构被加速。同时,日本的黄檗宗也开始了“再华化”,而日本华侨的黄檗网络也开始形成,并成为黄檗宗“再华化”的重要推手。笔者从文化触变、传统创造与华人网络三个视角复合观察这一文化现象,并将之放在地方主导与跨国网络互动的时空背景下阐述。

The idea of the Obaku school was introduced to Japan by Chinese Buddhist monks and Chinese merchants who went to Japan around the same time as the Zen master Ingen,which broadly impacted Japanese Zen Buddhism and social culture.Subsequently,the Obaku school gradually transformed itself into a Japanese-style school.In the 1970s,the"Obaku culture"was proposed as a new concept and reimported to China in the 21st century.Simultaneously,overseas Chinese in Japan began to form a new Obaku network,and the"Re-Sinification of the Obaku school in Japan began.This article attempts to analyze these historical changes from three perspectives of"acculturation,""invention of tradition,"and"transnational networks."