基于水文地貌分异的盐城射阳河至梁垛河段湿地景观格局变化研究

Changes of Landscape Patterns of Sheyang River to Liangduo River Wetlands in Yancheng based on Hydrogeomorphic Differentiation

以盐城湿地中的射阳河至梁垛河段湿地为研究区,采用水文地貌分类方法,将研究区划分为河口区和潮间带区;采用景观生态学方法,利用1987年至2021年期间的7期遥感影像数据,研究河口区和潮间带区的景观格局动态和变化特征。研究结果表明,7个时期,随着时间的推移,射阳河至梁垛河段湿地河口区和潮间带区景观的总体变化是自然湿地不断萎缩,人工湿地面积不断增大,河口区一直以自然湿地为景观主体,潮间带区的景观主体在2002年转变为人工湿地;河口区景观的破碎化程度较大,景观优势度降低,自然湿地斑块分布稀疏且形状不规则;潮间带区人工湿地斑块形状规则,聚集度相对较好,景观多样性较差;人类活动是导致射阳河至梁垛河段湿地景观格局变化的主要因素,政策导向型的滨海湿地开发等人类活动致使研究区的自然景观演变规律被破坏。

Taking the from Sheyang River to Liangduo River wetlands in Yancheng as the study area.Using the method of hydrogeomorphic classification,the study area was divided into estuarine and intertidal areas.From the perspective of landscape ecology,this paper analyzed the dynamics and changing characteristics of the landscape structure and pattern in the estuarine and intertidal areas by using data of remotely senseing images of the years of 1987,1992,1998,2002,2007,2011 and 2021.The results showed that the overall change in the landscape structure of the estuarine and intertidal areas over time during 7 periods was the continuous shrinkage of the natural wetlands.The area of artificial wetlands had been increasing,and the estuary areas had been dominated by the natural wetlands,while the dominance in the intertidal areas were changed to artificial wetlands in 2002.Besides,the landscape fragmentation of the natural wetlands in the estuarine areas was obvious,landscape dominance was reduced,patches were sparsely distributed and irregularly shaped.Artificial wetland patches in the intertidal areas were regular in shape and relatively well aggregated,with poor landscape diversity.Human activities were the main factors leading to changes in the landscape pattern of the Sheyang River to Liangduo River wetlands.And human activities such as policyoriented development of costal wetlands resulting in the disruption of the natural landscape evolution patterns.