计算机支持的科学论证教学:本质、功能与模式

Computer-supported Scientific Argumentation Teaching:Essence,Functions,and Models

作为科学素养的重要组成部分,科学论证是科学思维的关键内容,同时体现了科学实践的价值属性,计算机支持的科学论证教学必然成为当下科学教育的热点领域。本文首先通过阐述概念认识和实践模型揭示科学论证的本质内涵,基于此厘清计算机支持的科学论证教学的技术功能,即在线论证辅助教学平台聚焦证据支持与认知提示,文本与图形化认知工具重在外显思维与论证过程,虚拟实验应用程序支持探究实践与过程模拟,智能反馈评估模型实现思维聚类与个性化反馈。之后,回归技术环境中的科学论证教学实践,基于“论证助学”剖析主流教学模式,即协作论证、支架式论证、游戏化论证和混合学习论证。最后,提出建议:重视“论证助学”理念,倡导教学模式的本土创新;具身营造科学论证的问题情境,优化技术支持环节;深度开展科学论证教学活动培训,构建课堂论证话语体系;探索科学论证教学的认知神经机制,加强科学论证的实证研究;推进教—学—评协同联动,发挥智能技术的思维评价优势。

As an important component of scientific literacy,scientific argumentation is the key content of scientific thinking and reflects the value of scientific practice.It is inevitable that computer-supported argumentation teaching becomes a hot topic in current scientific education.This article begins by elucidating the essence of scientific argumentation by elaborating the conceptual understanding and practice model.Based on this,it clarifies the technical functions of computer-supported scientific argumentation teaching,including online argumentation-assisted teaching platform focusing on evidence support and cognitive prompts,text and graphical cognitive tools emphasizing explicit thinking and argumentation processes,virtual experiment applications supporting inquiry practices and process simulations,and intelligent feedback evaluation models enabling thought clustering and personalized feedback.Subsequently,returning to the practice of argumentation teaching in a technological environment,it analyzes mainstream teaching modes based on the“argumentation-assisted learning”perspective,including collaborative argumentation,scaffolded argumentation,gamified argumentation and blended learning argumentation.Finally,it proposes recommendations to emphasize the concept of“argumentation-assisted learning”and advocate local innovations in teaching modes;embody problem situations conducive to scientific argumentation,optimize technical support links;deeply carry out argumentation teaching activities,construct a classroom argumentation discourse system;explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms of argumentation teaching,strengthen empirical research on scientific argumentation;promote the synergy of teaching,learning,and assessment,and leverage the thinking assessment advantages of intelligent technology.