水稻耐盐响应中钾运输载体的研究进展

Advances in Potassium Carriers to Salt Stress in Rice

水稻是全球主要粮食作物之一,随着种植区盐渍化加剧,其产量及安全已受到严重威胁。土壤中过高的盐浓度使细胞内Na^(+)过量累积,K/Na失衡,造成离子毒害和渗透胁迫。为减轻盐胁迫带来的生长抑制,水稻进化出一系列适应性机制,包括钾运输载体对K^(+)的摄取或运输以及对Na^(+)的区隔化或外排。水稻中介导这些过程的钾运输载体家族可划分为Shaker、TPK、KT/HAK/KUP、HKT和CPA五大家族。本文总结了上述水稻钾运输载体在盐胁迫下的功能作用及调控机制的研究进展,并对未来研究前景予以展望。

Rice is one of the world's major food crops.With increasing salinization in planting areas,grain yield and security have been seriously threatened.High salinity in the soil causes excessive accumulation of Na^(+)and K/Na imbalance in cells,resulting in ion toxicity and osmotic stress.A series of adaptive mechanisms have been evolved in rice to alleviate the growth inhibition caused by salt stress,including the uptake or transport of K^(+)and compartmentalization or expulsion of Na^(+)by potassium carriers.The family of potassium carriers mediating these processes in rice can be divided into five families:Shaker,TPK,KT/HAK/KUP,HKT and CPA.This paper reviews recent work on the functions and regulation mechanisms of the potassium carriers in rice in response to salt stress and discusses the future perspectives of research.