美国科学教育战略举措的经验与启示

Experiences and Enlightenment from the U.S. Science Education Strategic Plan

[目的/意义]科学教育是提升国家科技竞争力、培养创新人才、提升全民科学素养甚至综合素养的重要基础。美国从20世纪50年代起持续实施科学教育国家战略,这使其雄霸全球科学中心与人才中心百年之久。当前,我国已经开启了全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,剖析借鉴美国科学教育政策措施,构建符合我国国情、具有中国特色的科学教育体系,是我国建设科技强国、教育强国的重要战略突破口。[方法/过程]本文针对美国科学教育政策体系,采用政策分析、文本量化等方法,分析和总结了美国科学教育战略、伙伴关系、学科交叉、计算素养等方面的重点举措和具体实践。[结果/结论]研究结果表明,美国将科学教育作为国家发展优先事项,不断推进教育范式变革,实现科学教育的升级和重构。本文借鉴美国科学教育的经验,从战略规划、标准体系、培养举措和生态建设等方面,提出推进我国科学教育改革的总体思路。

[Purpose/significance]Science education is a key foundation for enhancing national science and technology competitiveness,cultivating innovative talents,and improving the scientific literacy and even comprehensive literacy of all people.Since the 1950s,the U.S.has implemented the national science education strategy continuously,which has made it dominate the global science center and talent center for a century.China currently has embarked on a new journey to build a modern socialist country in a comprehensive way.It will be a strategic breakthrough to analyze and learn from the U.S.science education policies and measures,building the science education system with Chinese characteristics that conforms to the national conditions so as to achieve the goal of building world leading power of education and science and technology.[Method/process]By adopting methods such as policy analysis and text quantification,this paper analyzes science education policy system of the U.S.government.Specifically,we analyze the measures that the U.S.government adopted to develop the science education strategic plan,the strategic partnership,the transdisciplinary subject and computational literacy,and draw conclusions on the coordination mechanism of the U.S.federal agencies to promote science education system.[Result/conclusion]The research results show that the U.S.government regards the science education as the national top priority and promotes the transformation of educational paradigm to achieve the upgrade and reconstruction of the science education.Drawing on the science education experiences of the U.S.,this paper puts forward the pathway of the science education reform of China on the strategic plan,standard system,specific measures and ecosystem construction.