基于Kano模型的上海市养老机构老年人医疗护理需求调查分析

Survey and analysis of medical care needs of the elderly people in Shanghai elderly care institutions based on the Kano mode

目的:基于Kano模型对养老机构老年人的医疗护理需求及其属性开展调查。方法:于2021年7-12月采用方便抽样方法选取上海市5家养老机构的老年人及其家属进行问卷调查,调查内容包括老年人的一般资料、Barthel指数评定量表、医疗护理服务需求Kano属性问卷。结果:老年人医疗护理需求Kano属性构成结果显示,除常见健康问题讲座(一对多)外,老年人对其他15项医疗护理服务均具有一定需求。矩阵图中位于第I象限的有7项,为期望型需求;位于第II象限的有2项,为魅力型需求;位于第Ⅲ象限的有4项,为无差异型需求;位于第IV象限的有3项,为必备型需求。结论:应加快推进医养结合型养老服务相关政策的制定与实施,完善养老机构专业人才的培养体系与社会保障体系,同时充分了解老年人的实际医疗护理需求,选择符合其需求的医养结合型养老服务模式。

Objective:To investigate the medical care needs of the elderly people in elderly institutions and their attributes based on the Kano mode.Methods:From July to December 2021,a convenient sampling method was used to select elderly people and their families in 5 elderly care institutions in Shanghai for a questionnaire survey,and the survey contents included general information of the elderly,Barthel index rating scale,and Kano attribute questionnaire for medical care needs.Results:The Kano attribute composition of the elderly medical care needs showed that elderly people had certain needs for 15 other medical care services except of the lectures of common health problems(one-to-many).The matrix diagram was located in quadrant Ⅰ with 7 items as one-dimensional qualities;quadrant Ⅱ with 2 items as attractive qualities;quadrant Ⅲ with 4 items as indifferent qualities;quadrant Ⅳ with 3 items as must-be qualities.Conclusion:It is necessary to accelerate the formulation and implementation of policies related to medical and elderly care integrated elderly care services,improve the training system and social security system for professional talents in elderly care institutions,and fully understand the actual medical care needs of the elderly,and select a medical and elderly care integrated elderly care service mode that meets their needs.