朱熹社仓法新探

A New Exploration of Zhu Xi's Shecang Law

社仓法源自隋代实施的义仓制度,在南宋时期经朱熹重新设计并编定《社仓事目》后发扬光大,对后代产生了深远的影响。以往学者的研究认为朱熹所行社仓的目的之一是在民众经历灾荒时对民众予以救济和帮助,从而发挥其巩固统治的社会功能。社仓法尽管具备如上的社会功能,但其设计本身却存在固有的问题,诸如贷款利率过高、催科期限过急等。社仓的设计并未真正惠及所有民众,反而被地方乡绅所把持,成为他们谋利的工具,最终危害到普通民众的切身利益,这无疑是与社仓设计的出发点背道而驰的。

The Shecang Law originated from the Yicang system implemented during the Sui Dynasty.It was redesigned and codified into the Shecang Shimu by Zhu Xi during the Southern Song Dynasty,and it had a profound influence on future generations.Previous scholars believed that one of the purposes of Zhu Xi’s Shecang system was to provide relief and assistance to the people during times of famine and disaster,thereby serving its social function of strengthening governance.Although the social warehouse law has the above social functions,its design has inherent problems,such as the loan interest rate is too high,the deadline is too urgent and so on.The design of the warehouse did not really benefit all the people,but was controlled by the local squires and became a tool for their profit,ultimately endangered the vital interests of ordinary people,which is undoubtedly contrary to the starting point of the warehouse design.