南阳夏饷铺鄂侯家族墓地与两周之际南土和中原的形势

The Family Cemetery of Marquis of the E State at Xiaxiangpu in the Nanyang Basin and the Situation in the Southern Region and the Central Plains in the Turn of the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasty

夏饷铺春秋早期鄂侯家族墓地的发掘,不但丰富和更新了很多旧有的认知,同时也提出了一系列新的问题,尤其是对两周之际南土和中原地区的形势和战略格局的重新认识,有重要促进作用。据夏饷铺墓地最新考古发现,可知宣王时期,周人在南阳盆地重建姬姓鄂国,以稳定南土,屏藩中原。与申、息二国的灭亡时间大致相当,鄂国约于公元前680年左右复灭于楚。西周中期以降,南土和中原形势骤变,至西周晚期厉宣时期,周人在中原和南土的统治皆面临严重挑战。宣王时,通过迁申吕、封建宗亲鄂国于南阳盆地,试图在南土地区进行战略性重塑,重建中原和王朝的屏障,修复周初建立的政治地理空间架构。但西周王朝衰落和楚人崛起的大势已不可挽回,春秋中期以后,楚国取代曾国成为南土的霸主,南土尽入楚人彀中,“金道锡行”的战略通道和屏障作用尽失,以曾为代表的周人势力彻底退出江汉流域。

The excavation of the family cemetery of Marquis of the E state at Xiaxiangpu in the early Spring and Autumn period not only enriched and updated many old understandings,but also raised a series of new questions,especially for making an important contribution to the new understanding of the situation and strategic landscape of the southern region and the central plains of China in the turn of the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasty.According to the latest archaeological findings of the Xiaxiangpu cemetery,it is known that during the period of King Xuan,Zhou people re-established the E State named Ji in the Nanyang basin in order to stabilize the southern region and protect the central plains of China.At roughly the same time as the demise of Shen and Xi,the E State was destroyed by Chu again around 680 B.C.Since the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty,the situation in the southern region and the central plains of China changed drastically,and by the time of King Li and King Xuan in the late Western Zhou Dynasty,the rule of the Zhou in both the central China and the southern region faced serious challenges.During the period of King Xuan,by relocating Shen and lüand bestowing land on the E State close to the Zhou royal family in the Nanyang Basin,King Xuan attempted to carry out strategic remodeling in the southern region,rebuild the barrier of the central plains and the dynasty,and repair the political geospatial architecture established since the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty.But the decline of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the rise of Chu were irretrievable.After the middle of the Spring and Autumn period,Chu replaced Zeng as the hegemon of the south,and the southern region was completely owned by Chu.The strategic channel of"Jin Dao Xi Hang"and the barrier function were completely lost,and the Zhou power represented by Zeng completely withdrew from the Jianghan valley。