2015—2022年福建省泉州市孕产妇乙肝感染情况分析

Analysis of maternal hepatitis B infection in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, 2015 − 2022

目的 了解2015—2022年福建省泉州市孕产妇乙型肝炎病毒(简称乙肝)感染情况,为有效制定干预措施提供依据。方法 从预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统中获取资料,描述性分析2015—2022年福建省泉州市806 707例住院分娩产妇孕产期乙肝感染率变化情况、各县(市、区)感染率及孕期不同阶段检测情况的差异。结果 2015—2022年福建省泉州市孕产妇乙肝感染率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=533.27,P <0.05);各县(市、区)间孕产妇乙肝感染率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=2 144.89,P <0.05);城市孕产妇乙肝总感染率高于农村,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=19.39,P <0.05)。2015—2022年福建省泉州市孕产妇乙肝孕期检测率呈逐年上升趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=47 757.32,P <0.05);孕产妇仅在产时进行乙肝检测的检测率呈逐年下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=36 760.90,P <0.05);仅产时检测者乙肝感染率高于孕期检测者,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 772.61,P <0.05)。结论 福建省泉州市孕产妇乙肝检测率较高,乙肝感染率逐年下降,但仍处于较高水平,应继续加强预防乙肝母婴传播工作,进一步降低孕产妇乙肝感染率,避免儿童乙肝感染。

Objective To investigate the situation of maternal hepatitis B infection in Quanzhou,Fujian Province from 2015 to 2022,so as to provide evidence for effective development of intervention measures.Methods Data were obtained from the information management system for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,syphilis and hepatitis B.Analysis was conducted to describe the changes in hepatitis B infection rates among 806707 hospitalized deliveries during pregnancy and labour in Quanzhou,the differences in infection rates among various counties(cities and districts),and the differences in the detection of hepatitis B at different stage of pregnancy from 2015 to 2022.Results The maternal hepatitis B infection rate in Quanzhou showed a downward trend year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=533.27,P<0.05).The differences in maternal hepatitis B infection rates among various counties(cities and districts)were statistically significant(χ^(2)=2144.89,P<0.05).The total rate of maternal hepatitis B infection was higher in urban than that in rural areas,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=19.39,P<0.05).The testing rate of maternal hepatitis B during pregnancy in Quanzhou showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2022(χ^(2)_(trend)=47757.32,P<0.05),while the rate of testing hepatitis B(only during labor)showed a downaward trend year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=36760.90,P<0.05),and the rate of hepatitis B infection testing only during labor was higher than that testing during pregnancy,and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1772.61,P<0.05).Conclusion Maternal hepatitis B detection rate is relatively high in Quanzhou,Fujian Province.It has been decreased year by year,but it is still at a comparatively high level.Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B should be strengthened continuously so as to further reduce the rate of maternal hepatitis B infection and avoid hepatitis B infection among children.