《神农本草经》与经方应用之栝楼根篇

Application of Gualougen(Trichosanthis Radix)in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and Classical Formulas

《伤寒杂病论》用药组方之法源于《神农本草经》(《本经》),从《本经》所言药物性味、功用出发,以经解经,能更好地学习和掌握药物及其在经方中的配伍应用。《本经》言栝楼根“主消渴,身热,烦满大热,补虚安中,续绝伤”,从《伤寒杂病论》组方看,栝楼牡蛎散滋阴生津,柴胡桂枝干姜汤清热泻火,栝楼瞿麦丸、牡蛎泽泻散行水运脾,栝楼桂枝汤祛邪补虚功效,契合《本经》原意。张仲景新增栝楼实化痰利气开胸的作用,为后世医家认识栝楼根及其他用药部位奠定了基础。

The method of medication and formulation in Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases is derived from Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Classic of Materia Medica).Based on the medicinal properties,flavors and functions described in Classic of Materia Medica,we can better learn and master the medicinals and their combinations and applications in classical formulas.In Classic of Materia Medica,it is stated that“Gualougen(Trichosanthis Radix)is mainly used to treat wasting-thirst,fever,vexation and severe heat,to tonify deficiency,to harmonize the middle and to cure severe injury.”From the formulation of Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases,Gualou Muli Powder(栝楼牡蛎散)nourishes yin and engenders fluids,Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Decoction(柴胡桂枝干姜汤)clears heat and reduces fire,Gualou Qumai Pill(栝楼瞿麦丸)and Muli Zexie Powder(牡蛎泽泻散)promote diuresis and activate spleen,Gualou Guizhi Decoction(栝楼桂枝汤)expels pathogen and tonifies deficiency,all of which are in line with the original meaning of Classic of Materia Medica.ZHANG Zhongjing increased the effect of Gualoushi(Trichoasnthis Fructus)to resolve phlegm,promote qi movement and treating discomfort in chest,laying a foundation for later doctors to understand Gualougen and other medicinal parts.