空间溢出视角下数字经济对区域经济发展差距的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Digital Economy on Regional Economic Development Gap from the Perspective of Spatial Spillover

缩小地区经济差距是贯彻新发展理念和建设现代化经济体系的重要组成部分。数字经济作为新时期国民经济增长的中坚力量,已然成为影响区域经济发展差距的重要因素。文章旨在考察数字经济是否会通过空间溢出效应影响区域经济发展差距,首先从理论层面分析空间溢出视角下数字经济影响区域经济发展差距的内在机制,接着以中国省际单元为研究对象,采用空间杜宾模型进行实证检验。研究发现:(1)数字经济通过数据生产要素的开放共享、信息对称优化区域间资源配置、形成示范效应和竞争效应等渠道产生影响区域经济发展差距的空间溢出效应,数字技术能够强化数据要素开放共享和信息对称优化区域间资源配置的空间溢出作用。但值得注意的是,这种空间溢出效应并不总表现为正向溢出,资本的逐利性及市场拥挤的形成与否等导致区域间资源优化配置存在要素流动方向的不确定,过度竞争也可能导致生产效率的降低,长期的技术溢出依赖可能会降低区域自主创新能力,在经济增长中永久扮演“追赶者”角色,因此数字经济对区域经济发展差距的影响也可能表现为负向溢出。(2)地理和网络空间内,中国区域经济发展均呈现出关联线路众多、全域性和整体性良好的特点,区域经济发展差距和数字经济都表现出显著的空间相关性,并且区域经济发展差距在地理空间内的相关性强于网络空间内的相关性,而数字经济在网络空间内的相关性更强。(3)当前中国数字经济发展的区域差距较大,数字经济资源利用效率在区域间存在较大差异,发达地区数字经济的发展对落后地区数字经济要素流动存在虹吸效应,各地在发展数字经济的过程中存在着不良的竞争行为。这种虹吸效应和不良竞争行为的存在,拉大了区域经济增长效率差距,进而表现为数字经济的空间溢出效应拉大了区域经济发展差距。在此基础上,缩小区域经济发展差距应进一步正确看待技术扩散或溢出、破除区域或行业数据要素流动壁垒、防止数字经济发展过度竞争行为。

Narrowing the regional economic gap is an important part of implementing the new development concept and building a modern economic system.Digital economy,as the backbone of national economic growth in the new era,has become an important factor affecting the regional economic development gap.This paper aims to investigate whether digital economy will affect regional economic development gap through spatial spillover effect.Firstly,it analyzes the internal mechanism of digital economy affecting regional economic development gap from the perspective of spatial spillover from the theoretical level.Then,it takes China’s inter-provincial units as the research object and adopts spatial Durbin model for empirical test.The study finds that:(1)digital economy can generate spatial spillover effects that affect regional economic development disparities through channels such as open sharing of data production factors,information symmetry optimization of resource allocation between regions,demonstration effects,and competition effects.But it is worth noting that this kind of spatial spillover effect is not always positive spillover.The profit-seeking of capital and the formation of market congestion lead to the uncertainty of the flow direction of factors in the optimal allocation of inter-regional resources,excessive competition may also lead to the reduction of production efficiency,and long-term dependence on technology spillover may reduce regional independent innovation ability and permanently play the role of“catch-up”in economic growth.Therefore,the impact of digital economy on regional economic development gap may also be negative spillover.(2)In both geography and cyberspace,China’s regional economic development is characterized by a large number of connected routes,good regional and overall performance.Regional economic development gap and digital economy both show significant spatial correlation,and the correlation of regional economic development gap in geographical space is stronger than that in cyberspace,while the correlation of digital economy in cyberspace is stronger.(3)At present,there is a large regional gap in the development of China’s digital economy,and there are large differences in the utilization efficiency of digital economy resources among regions.The development of digital economy in developed regions has a siphon effect on the flow of digital economy factors in backward regions,and there are bad competitive behaviors in the process of developing digital economy in various regions.The existence of siphon effect and bad competition behavior widens the efficiency gap of regional economic growth,which is further reflected in the spatial spillover effect of digital economy widening the regional economic development gap.On this basis,the paper further puts forward policy implications from three aspects:correctly viewing technology diffusion or spillover,breaking down barriers to the flow of regional or industry data elements,and preventing excessive competition in the development of digital economy.