不同灌溉方式对苜蓿产量与品质的影响

The Effects of Irrigation Methods on Yield and Quality of Alfalfa

【目的】探明不同灌溉方式对苜蓿产量与品质的影响。【方法】于2021年4—9月在新疆克拉玛依大农业灌区开展苜蓿田间灌溉试验。试验设置3种灌溉方式,分别为浅埋滴灌(W1)、指针式喷灌(W2)、滚移式喷灌(W3),分析不同灌溉方式下的苜蓿生长特性、耗水规律、产量和品质,采用基于组合赋权的模糊综合评价法选取最优的苜蓿灌溉方式。【结果】随着刈割次数的增加,苜蓿株高、茎粗、产量呈降低趋势,苜蓿粗蛋白量呈增加趋势。第3、第4茬苜蓿全生育期耗水量呈倒“V”型变化规律。2茬苜蓿的全生育期耗水量均表现为W1处理<W2处理<W3处理,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均表现为W1处理>W2处理>W3处理。浅埋滴灌和喷灌均能有效提高苜蓿品质。模糊综合评判结果表明,浅埋滴灌下的苜蓿生长指标、节水指标、产量和品质的综合评价结果最优。【结论】浅埋滴灌下的苜蓿节水增产效果显著,更适宜于西北干旱区的苜蓿种植。

【Objective】Alfalfa is a prevalent crop in northwestern China and its cultivation heavily depends on irrigation.This paper is to delve into the influence of irrigation methods on yield and quality of alfalfa,with the ultimate goal to improve its water use efficiency.【Method】The experiment was conducted from April to September in 2021 in an irrigated alfalfa field in Karamay,Xinjiang.It compared three irrigation methods:shallow drip irrigation(W1),point sprinkler irrigation(W2),and rolling sprinkler irrigation(W3).In each treatment,we measured the growth traits,water consumption,water-saving index,and yield and quality of the alfalfa.The optimal irrigation method was determined using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on combination weighting.【Result】As the times of cutting increased,the height,stem diameter and yield of the alfalfa decreased,while its crude protein content increased.As time elapsed following the third and fourth cutting,the water consumption decreased first followed by an increase.The total water consumption during the two stages varied with irrigation method,and their significance was ranked in the order of W1<W2<W3;their associated water and irrigation water use efficiency was ranked in the order of W1>W2>W3.Both shallow drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation effectively improved plant quality.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation indicated that,overall,the shallow drip irrigation was optimal for growth,water consumption,yield and quality of the crop.【Conclusion】The shallow buried drip irrigation not only saved water but also improved yield and quality of the alfalfa.It is hence most suitable for alfalfa cultivation in the arid and water-scarce regions in the northwest of China.