从郭店楚简看孔孟君子观的演变

The Evolution of Confucius and Mencius’View of Junzi from the Perspective of Guodian Bamboo Slips

“君子”在孔孟之间发生了很大的转变,孔子所言“君子”既指涉在位者,又涵摄有德者,“德”和“位”出现了分离。孟子在性善论基础上重新界说“君子”,使其具备了道德形而上学意义。“君子”从孔子社会政治学说与道德论混杂的内涵,衍变为理想人格学说观念,具有从绝对概念到相对概念、定义域扩大和外延窄化的转变特征。孔孟相距百年之久,其过渡阶段通过郭店楚简向我们展现:一方面,“君子”保留了孔子时代的社会政治秩序的职能;另一方面,“君子”从融入社会政治和道德学说转变为道德形而上学的目标。郭店楚简为我们研究孔孟君子观的演变提供了力证,绘就了一幅生动的君子观演变图。

There has been a great change in the concept of Junzi between Confucius and Mencius.Confucius'“Junzi”refers to both those in power and those with virtue,and which have been separated.Mencius redefined“Junzi”on the basis of the philosophy of good nature,and“Junzi”has unprecedented moral and metaphysical significance although it refers to the virtuous.The concept of Junzi has evolved from the mixed connotation of Confucius'social and political theory and moral theory to an important concept of ideal personality theory.It has three distinct characteristics of transformation:from absolute concept to relative concept,the expansion of definition field and the narrowing of extension.Confucius and Mencius are one hundred years apart,and their transitional stage can be shown to us through Guodian bamboo slips:On the one hand,Junzi retained the function of the social and political order of the Confucius era;on the other hand,Junzi has evolved from integrating into social politics and moral doctrines to becoming moral metaphysical goals.Guodian bamboo slips provide strong evidence for us to study the evolution of the concept of Junzi from Confucius to Mencius,thus showing a vivid picture of the evolution of the concept of Junzi.