大数据侦查中的信息隐私权保护

Information Privacy Protection in Big Data Investigation

大数据时代,犯罪控制与信息隐私保护之间的相对平衡被打破,大数据侦查在发展过程中出现了外源性信息隐私权危机和内生性信息隐私权危机。外源性信息隐私权危机是大数据侦查外部法律制度的结构性缺陷带来的信息隐私权保护困境,包括大数据侦查法律定位模糊和侦查控权的“内卷化”;内生性信息隐私权危机是内嵌于大数据侦查自身行动逻辑和运行规律中无法自我消解的隐私难题,包括个人信息数据处理的“开放性”和侦查要素外延的“扩张性”。要实现大数据侦查视域下的信息隐私权保护,就应当明确大数据侦查的法律定位及建立递进式审查标准,实现规制程序的诉讼化改造,确立私主体参与侦查的分级授权和过程性监督,建立实质性信息隐私权保护衡量标准。

In the era of big data,the relative balance between crime control and information privacy protection has been broken,and exogenous and endogenous information privacy crises have arisen in the development of big data investigation.The exogenous information privacy crisis is the dilemma of information privacy protection caused by the structural defects in the external legal system regarding big data investigation,including the vague legal orientation of big data investigation and the“involution”of investigation control.The endogenous information privacy crisis is the information privacy problems involved in the action logic and operation law of big data investigation,which include the“openness”in processing personal information data,and the“expansion”of the scope of investigation elements,but can’t be resolved by itself.To realize the information privacy protection from the perspective of big data investigation,it is necessary to clarify the legal orientation of big data investigation,establish progressive review standards,realize the litigation transformation of regulatory procedures,achieve the hierarchical authorization and process supervision of private subjects’participation in the investigation,and construct the measurement standards for substantive information privacy protection.