论芬利的目的-关系理论及其绝对性问题

On Finley's End-Relational Theory and Absolute Problem

史蒂芬·芬利的目的-关系理论致力于站在自然主义还原论的立场为“应当”概念提供统一的语义分析。理论通过“目的”的限定功能对规范性语言的意义作出说明,将规范性语句还原为关于“是”的认知判断。理论的不足在于“应当”作绝对性使用时,绝对命令的语言形式和“目的限定”这一关键要素之间的冲突。对此芬利的回应把绝对命令“无目的引入”的语言特征解释为一种省略目的的“修辞手法”,但仅仅提供了散乱的推测。目的-关系理论的模糊之处实质在于制度性规范与非制度性规范的理解混淆和意义分歧,这亟待探究规范性的最终本质来解决。

Stephen Finlay's End-Relational Theory is dedicated to providing a unified semantic analysis of the concept of"should"from the standpoint of naturalistic reductionism.The theory explains the meaning of normative language through the limiting function of"end",reducing normative sentences to cognitive judgments about"be".However,the theory's limitation lies in the conflict between the language form of absolute commands when using"should"in an absolute sense and the crucial element of"purpose-constraining."Finlay's response to this problem interprets the language feature of categorical imperative'aimless introduction'as a rhetorical device that omits ends,but only provides scattered speculation.The ambiguity of the end-relational theory lies in the confusion and divergence of understanding between institutional norms and non-institutional norms,which urgently needs to be addressed by exploring the ultimate essence of normativity.