基于风云静止卫星的飞机增雨云物理响应

Cloud physical response of aircraft precipitation enhancement based on FY geostationary satellite

利用2016—2019年9次飞机增雨作业资料及FY-2E/2G/4A气象静止卫星反演产品,采用HYSPLIT模式确定增雨影响区的方法、卫星反演产品及雷达产品分析方法,分析增雨催化后卫星反演云物理参数的响应,获取增雨催化后云物理特征及演变规律,提高气象卫星在人工增雨效果检验与评估方面的综合应用能力及效益。结果表明:对于研究中的多数增雨作业,自然变异和人工催化双重因素共同影响下的4项云物理参数在催化结束后2~3 h达到最大变化。对于9次飞机增雨作业,云顶温度、云粒子有效半径、光学厚度、液水路径、小时降水量在催化结束后3 h的平均变化值分别达到-1.44~2.09℃、-3.73~3.84μm、-5.47~3.62、-112.59~61.12 mm、-0.06~0.27 mm,半数以上作业云顶温度、小时降水量增加,半数以上作业云粒子有效半径、光学厚度、液水路径减小,个别作业降水量减少。对于不同云体,当液水分布和云系结构存在很大差异且不均匀时,增雨催化后产生的云物理变化、降水变化均存在显著差异。对于自然变异和人工催化共同影响引起的降水变化,目前难以科学完整地剔除二者分别对降水变化的影响。

Based on the precipitation enhancement operation data of aircraft from 2016 to 2019 and inversion products of FY-2E/2G/4A meteorological geostationary satellite,using the method of determining the affected area of precipitation enhancement by HYSPLIT model and the analysis method of satellite inversion product and radar product,the response of cloud physical parameters of satellite inversion after precipitation enhancement seeding was analyzed,the cloud physical characteristics and evolution law after precipitation enhancement seeding were obtained,and the comprehensive application ability and benefits of meteorological satellites in the inspection and evaluation of artificial precipitation enhancement effect were improved.The result shows that:for most of the precipitation enhancement operations in the study,the four cloud physical parameters under the influence of natural variation and artificial seeding reach the maximum variations in 2~3 hours after the end of seeding.For the 9 aircraft precipitation enhancement operations,average variation ranges of cloud top temperature,cloud effective radius,optical thickness,liquid water path,and hourly precipitation in 3 hours after the end of seeding reach-1.44~2.09℃,-3.73~3.84μm,-5.47~3.62,-112.59~61.12 mm,-0.06~0.27 mm,respectively.Cloud top temperature and hourly precipitation are increased,and cloud effective radius,optical thickness,and liquid water path are decreased for more than half of the precipitation enhancement operations,and precipitation for individual operations is reduced.For different cloud bodies,when the distribution of liquid water and the structure of the cloud system vary dramatically and are very uneven,the variations of cloud physics and precipitation induced by precipitation enhancement seeding will be significantly different.At present,for the precipitation variation induced by natural variation and artificial seeding,it′s difficult to eliminate the influence of the two factors on precipitation variation scientifically and completely.